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象征主义是19世纪末产生于法国的文学艺术运动,在巴黎的知识界影响很大,并对20世纪美学的发展,起了一定的推动作用。该运动主要在法国,欧洲的其他文化中心也有一些追随者,如德国,比利时等。
象征主义分为前象征主义,和后象征主义。前象征主义∶19世纪后半叶产生于法国的诗歌流派。代表人物是:波德莱尔、魏尔伦、兰波和马拉美。波德莱尔的十四行诗《 Theory of Correspondences》首次提出著名的象征主义“应和”论。19世纪末20世纪初,象征主义从法国扩及英、美、德、意、俄等国家和地区,发展成国际性文学思潮,并在20世纪20年代达到高潮,被称为后期象征主义。其中以法国的瓦雷里、奥地利的里克尔、爱尔兰的叶芝及美国诗人艾略特为主要代表。他们继承了发展了前期象征主义的传统,使象征主义更趋完善,内涵更为深广,更富有现代主义思潮。
前期象征主义又可以分为3个阶段:波德莱尔以前为萌芽期象征主义。这个时期里,有法国第一散文诗人贝尔特朗;散文家奈瓦尔、诗人洛特雷亚蒙和美国著名诗人和作家爱伦•坡。他俩的诗和诗歌理论都曾对波德莱尔以及后来的一大批象征派诗人的创作发生过作用,但还算不上真正的’象征主义诗歌。第二个阶段是波德莱尔时期。波德莱尔不但是象征主义的鼻祖;也是整个现代派文学的先驱,我们把他这一个阶段称为先驱期象征主义。第三个阶段是继波德莱尔之后出朝的3个重要诗人:兰波、魏尔伦、玛拉美时期。我们称这个时期为正统的前期象征主义时期。由于他们3个人的努力,象征主义到19世纪末出现了前所未有的热潮。法国的拉弗格、歇尼埃和上面提到的莫雷亚斯等诗人都先后加入到象征主义行列。用象征主义手法创作了大量诗歌,形成了一种要淹没已基本解体的浪漫主义的声势和与还在流行的帕尔纳斯派相对抗的格局。19世纪90年代后,象征主义诗歌又开始向西欧、北美各国传播,在那里找到了许多知音。‘那些人又成了20世纪20年代出现的后期象征主义的中坚。但是,在‘法国,高峰过后,前期象征主义随即开始衰落。1891年,象征派“文学宣言”的作者莫雷亚斯首先宣布脱离象征派,而提倡一种所谓“罗曼派”的文学,试图恢复他的先祖希腊罗马古代文学的传统。接着,兰波、魏尔伦、玛拉美分别于1891、1896、1898年过世,其他许多象征派诗人也纷纷选择新的发展方向,不再遵循象征主义艺术标准。前期象征主义作为70个文学流派,到19世纪末实际上已经解体。但是,前期象征主义作为一种文艺思潮,其影响已在法国深深扎根。而且由于玛拉美等著名诗人的作用,象征主义在19世纪末开始越过法国国界线,向西欧、北美扩展,到上世纪20年代,又兴起了后象征主义。
19世纪末20世纪初,象征主义从法国扩及英、美、德、意、俄等国家和地区,发展成国际性文学思潮,并在20世纪20年代达到高潮,成为后期象征主义。其中以法国的瓦雷里、奥地利的里克尔、爱尔兰的叶芝及美国诗人艾略特为主要代表。他们继承了发展了前期象征主义的传统,使象征主义更趋完善,内涵更为深广,更富有现代主义思潮。它的主要特点是∶创造病态的“美”,表现内心的“最高真实”,运用象征暗示,在幻觉中构筑意象,用音乐性增加冥想效应。
请译成英文。

第1个回答  2010-04-16
19th century symbolism is produced in literature and art movement of intelligentsia in Paris, and the influence of the 20th century, the development of aesthetics, and played a certain role. This movement mainly in France and Europe's other cultural center also have some adherents, such as Germany, Belgium, etc.
Symbolism symbolism, and divided into before after symbolism. Before the symbolism of the nineteenth century, produced in France's poetry genres. Representative character is: WeiErLun baudelaire, Malawi, bo and beauty. Baudelaire sonnets Correspondences of the first proposed guys with the famous "symbol" Theory. Late 19th and early 20th century symbolism extend from France, Britain, the United States, Germany, Italy, Russia and other countries and regions, develop international literary trend, and in the 1920s, known as the climax period symbolism. In France, Austria viding in Ireland, Kerr Yeats and American poet is reserved for main representative. They inherited the symbolism of the development of the traditional symbolism, make more perfect, more and more rich connotation of modernist trend.
The symbolism and can be divided into three stages: baudelaire before starting period symbolism. In this period, France's first prose poet's bell, Nanotubes igbokwe, poet essayist was a famous American poet and LeiYaMeng and introducing Allan POE. They and poetry theory has to baudelaire and later a large provided the poet's happened, but also become truly "poetry. The second phase is baudelaire period. Baudelaire not but the ancestor of symbolism, Is the pioneer of the modernist literature, we took him this one phase called pioneer period symbolism. The third stage is the baudelaire after the three important a poet: WeiErLun, Latin America, bo. We call this period for the symbolism of the orthodox. Because of their personal efforts, 3 to 19 century symbolism of unprecedented upsurge appeared. France, from the seraphim, essien and above all poets such as elias morey has joined symbolism. With the creation of symbolism gimmick, formed a kind of poem to drown the disintegration of the romantic has gained in popularity with the pearl, send in the pattern. After the 1890s, poetry and began to spread to western European and north American countries, where to find many companion. "Those who became the 1920s in the symbolism of the backbone. But, in France, after the summit, the symbolism immediately began to decline. In 1891, provided the author "literature" morey azriel, and provided from the first announced a so-called "advocated" Roman literature, trying to regain his ancestors of the Greek and Roman tradition of ancient literature. Then, bo, WeiErLun respectively, Latin America, 1896, 1891, 1898, many other provided poet died in selecting new development direction, no longer follow symbolism artistic standard. The symbolism as 70 literary schools, to the 19th century has actually disintegration. But the symbolism, as a kind of literary and artistic ideas, its influence has been deeply rooted in France. But because of the famous poet and Latin America, symbolism in 19th century French GuoJieXian across to Western Europe, North America, to expand in the 1920s, and rise after the symbolism.
Late 19th and early 20th century symbolism extend from France, Britain, the United States, Germany, Italy, Russia and other countries and regions, develop international literary trend, and in the 1920s, become the climax period symbolism. In France, Austria viding in Ireland, Kerr Yeats and American poet is reserved for main representative. They inherited the symbolism of the development of the traditional symbolism, make more perfect, more and more rich connotation of modernist trend. Its main characteristic is: create sick "beauty", the highest "real" inside, use symbol in the illusion, built in musical images, increase meditation effect.
全部都是简单句~
第2个回答  2010-04-21
In 19th century symbolism is produced in literature and art movement of intelligentsia in Paris, and the influence of the 20th century, the development of aesthetics, and played a certain role. This movement mainly in France and Europe's other cultural center also have some adherents, such as Germany, Belgium, etc.
Symbolism symbolism, and divided into before after symbolism. Before the symbolism of the nineteenth century, produced in France's poetry genres. Representative character is: WeiErLun baudelaire, Malawi, bo and beauty. Baudelaire sonnets Correspondences of the first proposed guys with the famous "symbol" Theory. Late 19th and early 20th century symbolism extend from France, Britain, the United States, Germany, Italy, Russia and other countries and regions, develop international literary trend, and in the 1920s, known as the climax period symbolism. In France, Austria viding in Ireland, Kerr Yeats and American poet is reserved for main representative. They inherited the symbolism of the development of the traditional symbolism, make more perfect, more and more rich connotation of modernist trend.
The symbolism and can be divided into three stages: baudelaire before starting period symbolism. In this period, France's first prose poet's bell, Nanotubes igbokwe, poet essayist was a famous American poet and LeiYaMeng and introducing Allan POE. They and poetry theory has to baudelaire and later a large provided the poet's happened, but also become truly "poetry. The second phase is baudelaire period. Baudelaire not but the ancestor of symbolism, Is the pioneer of the modernist literature, we took him this one phase called pioneer period symbolism. The third stage is the baudelaire after the three important a poet: WeiErLun, Latin America, bo. We call this period for the symbolism of the orthodox. Because of their personal efforts, 3 to 19 century symbolism of unprecedented upsurge appeared. France, from the seraphim, essien and above all poets such as elias morey has joined symbolism. With the creation of symbolism gimmick, formed a kind of poem to drown the disintegration of the romantic has gained in popularity with the pearl, send in the pattern. After the 1890s, poetry and began to spread to western European and north American countries, where to find many companion. "Those who became the 1920s in the symbolism of the backbone. But, in France, after the summit, the symbolism immediately began to decline. In 1891, provided the author "literature" morey azriel, and provided from the first announced a so-called "advocated" Roman literature, trying to regain his ancestors of the Greek and Roman tradition of ancient literature. Then, bo, WeiErLun respectively, Latin America, 1896, 1891, 1898, many other provided poet died in selecting new development direction, no longer follow symbolism artistic standard. The symbolism as 70 literary schools, to the 19th century has actually disintegration. But the symbolism, as a kind of literary and artistic ideas, its influence has been deeply rooted in France. But because of the famous poet and Latin America, symbolism in 19th century French GuoJieXian across to Western Europe, North America, to expand in the 1920s, and rise after the symbolism.
Late 19th and early 20th century symbolism extend from France, Britain, the United States, Germany, Italy, Russia and other countries and regions, develop international literary trend, and in the 1920s, become the climax period symbolism. In France, Austria viding in Ireland, Kerr Yeats and American poet is reserved for main representative. They inherited the symbolism of the development of the traditional symbolism, make more perfect, more and more rich connotation of modernist trend. Its main characteristic is: create sick "beauty", the highest "real" inside, use symbol in the illusion, built in musical images, increase meditation effect.
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