一、先给你把英语语句基本结构分析下：
>> 主谓宾结构：
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语：谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如：We come.
宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如：me,him,them等
例：The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.
>> 主系表结构：
主语：同‘主谓宾’结构.
联系动词(Link verb)：be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have
been);其他联系动词如：become成为,turn变成,go变.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语.
表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词.当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.
感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
>> There be 结构：
There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩.)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.
二、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示. 返回
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前.若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如：something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后.副词用作定语时须放在名词之后.
形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue
pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔.
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩.
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩.
数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔.
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生.
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩.
代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔.
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆.
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩.
介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔.
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆.
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩.
名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔.
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔.
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔.
副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔.
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom.
不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔.
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆.
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做.
分词(短语)作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔.
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的.
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩.
定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought
yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔.
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆.
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个.
三、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等. 返回
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如：often)或程度(如：almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前.
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如：The boy calls the girl in the
classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in
the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'
副词(短语)作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔.(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his
mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔.(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔.(程度状语)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a
pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔.(时间状语)
介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔.(地点状语)
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词(短语)作状语：
He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔.(表示伴随状态)
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a
pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔.(原因状语)
Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿.(原因状语)
不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业.(目的状语)
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in
business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语：
Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)
追问谢谢你的帮助，给了我这么多的知识真是感谢。上课的时候老师总是责怪我说；除了主谓语，你就没法学了吧？怎么就你事多！