急!有谁知道高中英语关于从句方面的知识

越详细越好,最好能把定语从句,宾语从句,等等从句都讲一遍.
我不知道什么是定语,什么是宾语,什么是谓语,希望能给我讲解一下.
最好能介绍几个以英语为主题的网站.谢谢!

1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开。

2.引导宾语从句的词有:

连词that(在口语中that常可省略),if, whether,如:

He knows that Jim will work hard.

连接代词who, whom, which等,如:

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

连接副词when, where, how, why等,如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station?

3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后,

不定式之前,与or not连用,在句首或在引导表语从句,同位语从句时,只能用whether,如:I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not?

4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应,即:当主句谓语动词是过去式时,从句中谓语动

词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时,如:

He asked who could answer the question.

My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.

6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词。

7.当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外,当主句主语为第一人称时,后面若接附加疑问句,那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致。如:

I don't think he looks like his father, does he?

8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句,直接引语是引述别人的原话,放在引号内,

不用连词联接;间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,通常用连接词与主句联接。

(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句,如:

He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.

(2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,如:

He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”

---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.

(3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句,如:

He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”

---He asked me where Mr Wang was.

注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化。宾语

宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。

英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

说明,除及物动词有宾语之外,英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外,某些形容词如worth,careful等后也可有宾语。

宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。

My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语,computer是直接宾语)

She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。(名词作宾语)

We all like him.(代词作宾语)

Give me four.(数词作宾语)

We all like to go to school.(不定式to go to school作like的宾语。school作to的宾 语)

We all like swimmming.(动名词作宾语)

I think he is right.(从句作宾语)

The book is worth reading.( 形容词worth可有宾语) 定义:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
充当定语的有:形容词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句.

形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。

分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
1)定语前置

在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词,形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为:限观形龄色国材,指:限定词(一般指数量);外观(美丽等);形状(大小,高矮,肥瘦);年龄;颜色;国籍;材料;用途。如:

a famous American university

an interesting little red French oil painting

a new plastic bucket

purple velvet curtains

an elegant German clock

另外,有些形容词也有特殊的次序:

1) 描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词

例如:a small lovely girl , a long patient queue , a pale anxious patient ;

2) 表示颜色的形容词放在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后

例如:a kindly black teacher ,an inquisitive brown dog ;

3) little ,old 和young 有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分,所以可以直接放在名词之前,例如:a lovely little girl 表示性格特征的形容词可以放在old young 之前,也可放在old young 之后,例如:a young ambitious man (强调年龄) ,an ambitious young man(强调雄心勃勃) 。当然,三个以上形容词连用作定语,就显得累赘,因此上面所说的情况一般较少出现.

2)定语后置(1)短语作定语一般后置

It was a conference fruitful of results. 那是一个硕果累累的会议。

He gave me a basket full of eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。

English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。

The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。

(2)修饰some,any,no,every等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置

Let’s go somewhere quiet. 咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。

There is nothing important in today’s paper. 今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。

Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗?

(3)副词作定语

The people here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。

They lived in the room above.他们住在楼上的房间。

(4)动词、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible 结尾的形容词作定语

He is a person dependable. 他是一个可以依靠的人

This is the only transportation means available. 这是唯一可行的交通工具。

(5)起强调用的单个分词

Everybody involved should stay here.

The college mentioned.

3. 定语从句

英语里有大量的定语从句,而汉语里却没有定语从句的说法。英语中定语从句中甚至还可能包含定语从句,即多重定语从句。如: A healthy diet includes enough but not too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly. (健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但又不过多。这些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养)

1)英语的复合句中,分句以其主句为基干,通过连接手段,一层一层地展开,就好像一棵树的树干上长出大枝子,大枝子上再长出小枝子。汉语的分句则更多按照时间发生的顺序出现,依次展开。

如: “伟大领袖和导师毛主席领导中国共产党进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争,建立了新中国,人民得到了解放,科学得到了解放。”这句话,译成英语便成了With the founding of new China (which was) born of arduous struggles (which were) waged by the Chinese Communist Party (which was) under the leadership of our great leader and teacher Chairman Mao , our people , and science as well , won emancipation.(王良兰,2003)

2)英语中的非限制性定语从句所表达的信息,在汉语里一般由另一个小句来表达。

例如:She asked for his help which he gladly gave. 她要求他帮忙,他愉快地帮助了她。

再如: It was a century during which the country suffered continuously from wars.

一个世纪过去了,在这期间这个国家不断遭受战乱之苦。
去百度百科啊!那里啥都又解释的!
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  2007-07-21
以下这些是我整理出来的,估计你看懂后,这块是绝对没问题的!
o(∩_∩)o...呵呵
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。

主语从句用作主语,如::

That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。

宾语从句用作宾语。如:

Do you know where he lives?

表语从句用作表语,如:

My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。

同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如:

The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。(that从句用于解释说明the fact)

定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:

The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.

状语从句相当于一个副词,如:

When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。(时间状语)

If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。如:

I am a teacher. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语。

He likes playing football very mucy. 其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语。

名词从句、定语从句
名词从句
名词从句有四类:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如:
宾语从句:I don’t know where he will go.
主语从句:Where he will go is unknown.
表语从句:The problem is how we can get so much money.
同位语从句:We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的:
1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意,(即引导宾语从句时if和whether
可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导:
(1) 引导主语从句,且在句首时。例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
(2) 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.
(3) 引导同位语从句时。例:I have no idea whether he will come.
(4) 介词后的whether从句。例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2. 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如:That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3. 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…+
that从句”结构中,that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。
例如:It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings(缺点).
4. 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.
例如:The reason why he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5. 名词从句中that,what用法比较:
引导名词从句的that是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而what是连接代词,what=the
thing(s) that.
例如:It was told in yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.

I know that he will study.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(=the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6. where在名词从句中的使用特点:
where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词+the place where” 形式。例如:
主从:Where(=The place where)she has gone is still unknown.
宾从:Would you please tell me where(=the place where) Mr Smith lives?
表从:Your dictionary remains where(=in/at the place where)you put.
同位从:Have you any idea where(=of the place where) she is spending her holidays?
7. 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如:
I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.
当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序(即“主+谓+(宾)”或“主+系+表”结构),将其变为间接引语(即宾语从句)时,无需改变语序。例如:
What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.
Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.

名词从句考点分析
1.They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET)
A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they
析:此题要选陈述语序项,故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整,do后无宾
语,故也应排除,只有A项既是陈述语序,且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他
们能做些什么”这一意思,故答案为A。
2.His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.
A.didn’t think;was;that B.thought;was;whether
C.didn’t think;was;× D.thought;wasn´t;×
析:观察题目,可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句,这时前一个宾语从句
的引导语that可以省略,但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略,据此,可排除C、D
两个选项。若选B项,全句意思不通,而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明,不
值得教”这一意思,且语法结构无误,故可定A是正确答案。
3.______ is done cannot be undone.
A.How B.That C.What D.Where
析:do一般作及物动词使用,从题干看,需选一词作主语(逻辑上是done的宾语)。
而A.How,D.Where均是副词,不能作主语,故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句
中作主语,不能在主语从句中作主语,也应排除。只有选what(=the thing that),才
能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。

4.Take care ______ you don´t make mistakes in the coming exam.
A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that
析:take care是“注意”、“当心”意,后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心
不要…”意思,据此,该题应选D。
5.To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put.
A.which B.where C.the place D.that
析:观察题干,was not后是表语,根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where,
将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思,而C选项缺少词,不可
选。A、D项皆不合用。
6.______ we can´t get seems better than ______ we have.
A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what
析:此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思,即
“A seems better that B”结构,根据what=the thing(s) that这一特点,将其置
于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思,故答案为A。
7.______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where
析:此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容,在句首表“是否”意时,只能用
Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。
8.______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better
cars.
A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that
析:is前面是一个主语从句,要表达“他们最感兴趣的(东西)”这一意思,只能选what
填入空白;is是表语从句,显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”,故
答案为B。
9.He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.
A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off
析:suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用(should)do的形式,且
该句中test与put off为被动关系,故选B。
10.I don´t think ______ he said something like that is right.
A.that B.what C.whether D.when
析:此句think后是一宾语从句,这个宾语从句的主语在is之前,它是一个被动句。
因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分,只有选不表意义,
不做成分的that才合适,故选A。

定语从句
一、 定语从句与引导词
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词,
而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类。
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。
1. 关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语,whose
作定语。代人的有:who,whom,whose,that;代物的有:that,which,whose.例如:
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定语从句中作主语)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人,在定
语从句中作宾语,可省略)
I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人,在定从中作表语)
A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which
或that代物,在定从中作主语)
2. 关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因),在定语从句中作状语。
例如:Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意:不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从,不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如:We´ll visit the factory which(=that) makes radios.
(which或that在定从中作主语,where不可用主语,故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语,when不可作宾语,故不可用)

二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代
词;非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例:Li Ping´s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容,因前后两句是因果关系,此时which不可换为as。)
He is good at physics, as is known to us all.=As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容,在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)

三、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1. 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1) 当先行词既包括人又包括物时:He talked about the men and the books that attracted
him.
2) 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时:These are the very points that interest me./That´s the only watch that I like most.
3) 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时:The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.
4) 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时:There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?
5) 先行词是who时:Who that have seen him does not like him?
2. 不用that的场合如下:
1)非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long
March .
2)介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3)句中出现了that,或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.本回答被提问者采纳
第2个回答  2007-07-21
怎么不说同位语从句,主语从句,表语从句,状语从句。
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