请翻译一下!!!谢谢了

(二)回收物流的特点
1.分散性
2.缓慢性
3.混杂性
4.多变性
5.相对高昂的成本
三、回收物流的功能和原则
(一)回收物流的功能
1.回收物流中的通道功能
回收物流与正向物流有很大的不同,但回收物流系统中仍然是由运输、储存、装卸搬运、包装、流通加工和物流信息管理等物流功能要素构成的,不过具体而言,回收物流过程中上述物流功能要素反映的侧重点不同。尽管由于回收物流的类型不同回收物流的具体流程会有所不同;但是一般而言,回收物流系统的目标要通过包括图7-2中所示的共同物流功能来实现。
2.回收物流中的信息管理功能
包括以下四种:
(1)关于产品组成成分的相关信息;
(2)关于产品回收数量以及不确定性的信息;
(3)关于再制造产品、零件以及物料的市场需求信息;
(4)关于产品回收处理以及废弃物处置的作业信息。
这些信息的难得性和分散性,使得回收物流在管理上比正向物流复杂得多,而究其原因在于回收物流比正向物流增加了许多复杂性和不确定性。恰恰是这些不确定性和复杂性往往会使整个回收物流的绩效变差。因而,加强对回收物流信息管理方面的物流功能是回收物流系统有效运作的前提和保证。
(二)回收物流的原则
回收物流应遵循以下原则:
1.“事前防范重于事后处理”原则
回收物流实施过程中的基本原则是“事前防范重于事后处理”即“预防为主、防治结合”的原则。因为对回收的各种物料进行处理往往给企业带来许多额外的处理成本,这势必增加供应链的总物流成本,与物流管理的总目标相违背。因而,对生产企业来说要做好回收物流一定要注意遵循“事前防范重于事后处理”的基本原则。
2.绿色原则
绿色原则即将环境保护的思想观念融人企业物流管理过程中。这一思想即为“5R”原则:即研究(Research)、重复使用(Reuse)、减量化(Reduce)、再循环( Recycle)、挽救(Rescue)。
(1)研究(Research):重视研究企业的环境对策,如循环经济、清洁生产等绿色技术的研究与推广应用。
(2)重复使用(Reuse):如用已使用过的纸张背面来印名片等都体现了这一原则。
(3)减量化(Reduce): 减少或消除有害废弃物的排放,如减少进入回收流通的商品及包装材料,在产品和生产过程的设计中充分考虑回收物流的需要,使其方便于将来的回收和利用等。严格控制退货政策也可以达到减少退货量的目的,这一方法在目前我国的消费品市场上最常见。
(4)再循环(Recycle):对废旧产品进行回收处理,再利用。如纯净水桶、酸奶瓶等的回收物流。
(5)挽救(Rescue):对已产生的废旧产品或废弃物进行修复以使其可再用或将其对回收物流对社会的损害降到最小。

(2) returned logistics features
1. The dispersion
2. HuanManXing
3. Hybrid sex
4. Variety
5. Relatively high cost
Three, the function and returned logistics principle
(a) returned logistics functions
1. The recovery in logistics channel function
Recycling logistics and positive logistics are quite different, but returned logistics system is still by the transport, storage, loading and unloading handling, packaging, circulation processing and logistics information management and other logistics function elements, but in particular, the recovery in the process of the above factors of logistics functions reflect different emphasis. Although the recovery of different types of logistics logistics concrete procedures of recovery will vary; But in general, the goal of recycling logistics system through including figure 7-2 shown in the common logistics function to realize.
2. In logistics information management function recovery
Includes the following four:
(1) about the product components related information;
(2) about the product quantity and uncertain recovery of information;
(3) about products, parts and remanufacturing materials market demand information;
(4) about recycling and disposal of waste products of operation information.
The information of the rare sex and dispersion, making the recovery in the management of logistics is much more complicated than logistics, and investigate its reason is that the recovery is increased logistics logistics than many complexity and uncertainty. Just is the uncertainty and complexity tend to make the whole recovery of logistics performance becomes poor. Therefore, to strengthen the management of the logistics information recovery logistics functions is the recycling logistics system of the effective operation of the premise and guarantee.
(2) returned logistics principle
Returned logistics should follow the following principles:
1. "prevention heavier than after process" principle
Returned logistics in the implementation of the basic principle is "prevention heavier than after process", or "prevention, prevention &treatment combination" principle. Because of various materials to the recovery process often brings to the enterprise many additional treatment costs, this will increase the total supply chain logistics costs, and logistics management total goal against. Therefore, to the production enterprise to recycling logistics must pay attention to follow the "prevention heavier than after process" the basic principle.
2. Green principles
The principle of the green environmental protection to ideas into enterprise logistics management process. This thought is "5 R" principle: namely Research (Research), repeated use (Reuse), reduction (Reduce), recycling (Recycle), save (Rescue).
(1) Research (Research) : pay attention to the environment of enterprise study countermeasures, such as recycling economy, and clean production of green technology such as the Research and application.
(2) repeated use (Reuse) : if use already used to seal on the back of the card, paper reflects this principle.
(3) reduction (Reduce) : to Reduce or eliminate the discharge of hazardous waste, such as reducing into the circulation of commodities and recycling packaging materials, in the design of products and production process of fully considering returned logistics needs, make its convenient in the future and recycling, etc. Strict control return policy also can achieve the aims to reduce returned, this method in the consumer market in China at present the most common.
(4) recycling (Recycle) : the Recycle of waste products, reuse. Such as pure bucket, yogurt and recovery of logistics.
(5) save (Rescue) : to produce waste products has repair or waste to make it to the recovery with or to the logistics of society to minimize the damage.

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第1个回答  2011-11-26
(2) returned logistics features
1. The dispersion
2. HuanManXing
3. Hybrid sex
4. Variety
5. Relatively high cost
Three, the function and returned logistics principle
(a) returned logistics functions
1. The recovery in logistics channel function
Recycling logistics and positive logistics are quite different, but returned logistics system is still by the transport, storage, loading and unloading handling, packaging, circulation processing and logistics information management and other logistics function elements, but in particular, the recovery in the process of the above factors of logistics functions reflect different emphasis. Although the recovery of different types of logistics logistics concrete procedures of recovery will vary; But in general, the goal of recycling logistics system through including figure 7-2 shown in the common logistics function to realize.
2. In logistics information management function recovery
Includes the following four:
(1) about the product components related information;
(2) about the product quantity and uncertain recovery of information;
(3) about products, parts and remanufacturing materials market demand information;
(4) about recycling and disposal of waste products of operation information.
The information of the rare sex and dispersion, making the recovery in the management of logistics is much more complicated than logistics, and investigate its reason is that the recovery is increased logistics logistics than many complexity and uncertainty. Just is the uncertainty and complexity tend to make the whole recovery of logistics performance becomes poor. Therefore, to strengthen the management of the logistics information recovery logistics functions is the recycling logistics system of the effective operation of the premise and guarantee.
(2) returned logistics principle
Returned logistics should follow the following principles:
1. "prevention heavier than after process" principle
Returned logistics in the implementation of the basic principle is "prevention heavier than after process", or "prevention, prevention &treatment combination" principle. Because of various materials to the recovery process often brings to the enterprise many additional treatment costs, this will increase the total supply chain logistics costs, and logistics management total goal against. Therefore, to the production enterprise to recycling logistics must pay attention to follow the "prevention heavier than after process" the basic principle.
2. Green principles
The principle of the green environmental protection to ideas into enterprise logistics management process. This thought is "5 R" principle: namely Research (Research), repeated use (Reuse), reduction (Reduce), recycling (Recycle), save (Rescue).
(1) Research (Research) : pay attention to the environment of enterprise study countermeasures, such as recycling economy, and clean production of green technology such as the Research and application.
(2) repeated use (Reuse) : if use already used to seal on the back of the card, paper reflects this principle.
(3) reduction (Reduce) : to Reduce or eliminate the discharge of hazardous waste, such as reducing into the circulation of commodities and recycling packaging materials, in the design of products and production process of fully considering returned logistics needs, make its convenient in the future and recycling, etc. Strict control return policy also can achieve the aims to reduce returned, this method in the consumer market in China at present the most common.
(4) recycling (Recycle) : the Recycle of waste products, reuse. Such as pure bucket, yogurt and recovery of logistics.
(5) save (Rescue) : to produce waste products has repair or waste to make it to the recovery with or to the logistics of society to minimize the dama
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