第2个回答 2008-09-15
女娲是我国史前最伟大的女神之一。《淮南子·览冥》中说:上古时候,四根柱子废了,九州也裂开了。天不能全部覆盖,地也不能全部承载。到处都是大火,洪水长期泛滥,猛兽吃人,大鸟也攫取老年和孩子为食。在这时候,女娲就炼五色石来补天,折下鳌足做柱子,杀黑龙来救济翼州,积起芦灰来止住洪水。她的功劳,上可以达到九天,下可以到达地府。《山海经·大荒西经》郭璞的注说:女娲是古代的神女,而又有“帝”的称号。《山海经》中记载的女娲是“人面蛇身”,就是说女娲的形象(图腾)是人面蛇身,一天中有七十种变化。《楚辞·天问》:“女娲有体,孰制匠之?”王逸注:“传言女娲人头蛇身,一日七十化。”七十化本于《淮南子·说林训》:“黄帝生阴阳,上骈生耳目,桑林生臂手,此女娲所以七十化也。”此传说是说女娲造人之际,黄帝、上骈、桑林诸神咸来帮忙。
又有女娲抟土造人的传说,在中国家喻户晓。《太平御览》卷78引《风俗通》:
俗说天地开辟,未有人民,女娲抟黄土作人,剧务,力不暇供,乃引絙于泥中,举以为人。
传说天地刚从浑沦分开的时候,地上没有人,女娲认为有了人,地上的生机会更好,就用黄土捏人。工作量太大了,她实在忙不过来,就用绳子蘸泥巴,掉下来的泥点子也就成了人。造出来的人得通过婚姻繁衍后代,因而女娲不仅造人,而且还热心人民的婚姻。《绎史》引用的《风俗通》说:“女娲祷神祠,祈而为女谋,因置昏姻”。女娲是祷祠神,祈求她做媒人,这才有了婚姻。《路史后记》中说:因为女娲做媒人,所以后世人建立国家就把她祀为媒神。《礼记》中记载:仲春二月,用太牢的礼节,在高媒庙祭祀。《周礼·媒氏》中说:仲春之月让男女相会交合。在这时候,对私奔的也不禁止。由上可以看出,女娲氏不但造了中国人,还是中国人的婚姻之神。
女娲有一女臣叫娥陵氏,《世本·帝系篇》(清张澍稡集补注本):“女娲氏命娥陵氏制都良管,以一天下之音;命圣氏为斑管,合日月星辰,名曰充乐。既成,天下无不得理。”
Lady Wa is one of our country prehistoric greatest goddesses."Huai Nan Zi · Looks at Deeply" said that,On ancient times, four pillars have abandoned, the Nine Provinces also split.The day cannot cover completely, cannot the complete load bearing.Everywhere all is the fire, the flood is in flood for a long time, the beast of prey eats the human, the big bird also seizes the old age and the child is the food.In this time, Lady Wa builds up the five colors stone to overcome nature, folds ao the foot to make the pillar, kills the black dragon to provide relief the wing state, accumulates the reed ash to stop the flood.Her merit, on may achieve nine days, get down may arrive the hell."Shan Hai Jing · Serious famine West longitude" the Guo Pu note said that,Lady Wa was the ancient times goddess, but also had “the emperor” title."Shan Hai Jing" records Lady Wa is “the human surface snake body”, is said Lady Wa's image (totem) is the human surface snake body, in one day has 70 kind of changes."The Chu elegies · Day Asks": “Lady Wa has the body, shu system artisan it?”Wang Yizhu: “Passes on a message the Lady Wa number of people snake body, on first 70.” 70 this in "Huai Nan Zi · Said Forest Teaches": “Yellow Emperor lives the masculine and feminine elements, on is joined lives the informer, the mulberry grove lives the arm, therefore this Lady Wa 70.” This fable is said Lady Wa makes when the human, Yellow Emperor, on is joined, mulberry grove Zhu Shenxian helps. Also has Lady Wa to crumple the homemade person's fable, is widely known in China."Peaceful For the emperor's inspection" the volume 78 directs "Custom To pass": Said vulgarly the world opens, has not had thepeople, Lady Wa crumples the loess to cultivate the behavior, the stage manager, the strength has no time to supply, is directs 絙 in the putty, lifts thinks the human. The fable world just from separated whole, ground nobody, Lady Wa thought had the human, the ground vitality could be better, used the loess to pinch the human.The work load too has been big, she really unbearably busy, uses the string to dip the mud, falls the putty drop has also become the human.Makes human through marital multiplication descendant, not only thus Lady Wa makes the human, moreover also warm-hearted people's marriage."Reels off silk History" to quote "Custom To pass" said that,“Lady Wa prays the shrine, but prays is the female stratagem, because sets at the dark marriage”.Lady Wa is prays the ancestral hall god, implores her to act as a matchmaker the human, had the marriage now at last."Road History Postscript" said that,Because Lady Wa acts as a matchmaker the human, after therefore the common people found the country on to offer sacrifice her for the intermediary god."Ritual Records" records: Second month of spring February, with too firm courtesy, in Gao Meimiao sacrificial offering."Zhou rite · Intermediary" said that,Month of the second month of spring lets the men and women meet the sexual intercourse.In this time, to elopes does not forbid.May see by on, not only Lady Wa has made the Chinese, the Chinese's god of marriage. Lady Wa has a female feudal official's to name be E mausoleum, "World This · Emperor Is" (clear Zhang Shu稡 the collection makes up note this): “Lady Wa assigns E mausoleum to make all the good tube, sound of by the world; Life saint is a mottled bamboo pen, gathers the heavenly bodies, the name says sufficiently happy.Also becomes, the world manages all.”
文言文不大好翻译,有点错误,敬请谅解。