熊猫英文资料

Question

资料里要有熊猫的平均大小，现有数量，食物，栖息地，分布，小熊猫的数量
要英文的，可以不是短文，可以是具体数字
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Answer 1

Giant pandas are black and white bears that live in temperate-zone bamboo forests in central China. Among the best recognized--but rarest--animals in the world, they have come to symbolize endangered species and conservation efforts.
Scientific classification

(Genus and Species, Family, Order): Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Ursidae, Carnivora.

Geographic distribution

Giant pandas live in a few mountain ranges in central China, in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces. They once lived in lowland areas, but farming, forest clearing, and other development now restrict giant pandas to the mountains.

Habitat

Giant pandas live in broadleaf and coniferous forests with a dense understory of bamboo, at elevations between 5,000 and 10,000 feet. Torrential rains or dense mist throughout the year characterizes these forests, often shrouded in heavy clouds.

Physical description

A giant panda is bear-like in shape. It has black fur on ears, eye patches, muzzle, legs, and shoulders. The rest of the animal's coat is white. Although scientists do not know why these unusual bears are black and white (but the brown fur pandas found in Qinling mountain ranges), some speculate that the bold coloring provides effective camouflage into their shade-dappled snowy and rocky surroundings. The panda's thick, wooly coat keeps it warm in the cool forests of its habitat. Giant pandas have large molar teeth and strong jaw muscles for crushing tough bamboo. Many people find these chunky, lumbering animals to be cute, but giant pandas can be as dangerous as any other bear.

Size

About the size of an American black bear, giant pandas stand between two and three feet tall at the shoulder (on all four legs), and reach four to six feet long. Males are larger than females, weighing up to 250 pounds in the wild. Females rarely reach 220 pounds.

Status

The giant panda is listed as endangered in the World Conservation Union's (IUCN's) Red List of Threatened Animals. It is one of the most critically endangered species in the world. There are about 1590 left in the wild (2003, by the 3rd census). About 170 pandas live in zoos and breeding centers around the world, mostly in China.

Age Phases of pandas

Cub panda: under one years old;
Sub-adults: female aged 3-4.5 years; males 1-6 or 1-7 years.
Adults: pandas aged more 4.5 for female, more 6 or 7 for males.

Life Span

Scientists aren't sure how long giant pandas live in the wild, but they are sure it's shorter than life spans in zoos. Chinese scientists have reported zoo pandas as old as 35.

Diet

A wild giant panda’s diet is almost exclusively (99%) bamboo. The balance consists of other grasses and occasional small rodents or musk deer fawns. In zoos, giant pandas eat bamboo, sugar cane, rice gruel, a special high-fiber biscuit, carrots, apples, and sweet potatoes.

Social Structure

Adult giant pandas are generally solitary, but they do communicate periodically through scent marks, calls, and occasional meetings. Offspring stay with their mothers from one and a half to three years.

Difference of pandas between Qinling and Wolong
Some pandas in brown in Qinling Mountain area.

Da xiong mao
The Chinese name for the giant panda means "great bear cat". Chinese books, written over 3,000 years ago, talk of the giant panda. Even then, it was believed to be endowed with mystical powers capable of warding off natural disasters and evil spirits. The scientific name for giant pandas, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, simply means black and white bear.

Pandas Census
Till now census (panda population surveys) organized 3 times by China State Forestry Administration (CSFA), the previous was held in 1970s and 1980s, the 3rd finished in 2003. Surveys be finished by researchers combined 7-8 kinds of surveying methods, such as route investigation, bamboo biting, droppings, excrement analysis and satellite positioning,
According to 2003's the 3rd census, there are 1590 giant pandas (above 1.5 years adults) living in the wild, and 168 giant pandas in captivity (75 are male and 93 are female), and the captive pandas are distributed across 35 different facilities worldwide.
The 3rd Census start from Jun 1999 to Dec 2003, survey covers 45 counties, 194 townships, covers an habitat of 2300000, pandas mainly distributes in 6 mountains ranges of Qinling, Minshan, Qionglaishan, Daxiangling, Xiaoxiangling, Liangshan. Pandas mainly distributes in Sichuan, then Shaanxi and Gansu.

Pandas Reserves (Protection Area)
Till the end of 2004, 55 reserves set up in China, 17 corridors set up, protect 53% of pandas habitat and 70% wild pandas population.

Pandas Population Pressures
Human economic activity, ecosystem deterioration, natural enemies, low reproductive rate, inbreeding, limits on bamboo supply and life cycle, loss of genetic diversity, diseases etc

Pandas raising in other countries
At the end of 2005, only 24 pandas live abroad.
But only 7 are foreign citizenship who are the offspring of pandas sent abroad before 1982: 2 in Japan, 3 in Mexico, 2 in Germany.
The other 17 pandas with China Citizenship, some of their birthplace locates where they live in foreign country, now the 17 pandas live abroad as: 9 in USA, 4 in Japan, 2 in Austria, 2 in Thailand.

So to the end of 2005, 24 pandas raised as: America 9; Austria 2; Germany 2; Japan 6; Mexico 3; Thailand 2.

Answer 2

【Giant Panda】
STATUS:
Endangered
DESCRIPTION:
Pandas are famous for their black and white markings. The legs, shoulders, ears and oval patches around the eyes are black, and the rest of the coat is white. Good tree climbers, pandas can also swim to escape predators. Pandas use an enlarged wrist bone that looks like a thumb to grasp objects like bamboo. Scientists disagree about whether the giant panda is closely related to bears or raccoons or is separate from both.
SIZE:
Pandas weigh an average of 200 to 300 pounds and reach six feet in length.
POPULATION:
Only 1,000 pandas exist in the wild and 60 in zoos.
LIFESPAN:
The panda?s lifespan in the wild is unknown but in captivity averages more than 20 years.
RANGE:
The shrinking range of the panda is limited to parts of Szechuan, Shensi and Kansu provinces in central and western China.
HABITAT:
The panda lives in thick bamboo and coniferous forests (evergreens with seed cones) at 8,500 to 11,500 feet elevation.
FOOD:
Pandas feed mostly on bamboo, a tall woody plant full of fiber. The panda?s digestive system does not absorb the fiber, so it must eat a lot. Pandas also eat flowers, vines, tufted grasses, green corn, honey and rodents.
BEHAVIOR:
These solitary animals spend most of their days feeding. Although they live in cold forests, pandas do not hibernate. They move to lower elevations during winter to keep warm and to higher elevations in summer to stay cool. They do not have permanent homes but sleep at the bottom of trees and under stumps and rock ledges.
OFFSPRING:
After a gestation period of 125 to 150 days, a mother panda gives birth to one or two young, but only one survives. Eyes open at six to eight weeks, and the cub starts to move around at three months. Weaned at six months, the cub becomes independent after a year.
THREATS:
Habitat loss to increasing human populations; poaching; periodic bamboo die-offs.
PROTECTION:
*Cites Appendix I, Endangered Species Act
*Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, an international treaty with more than 144 member countries. Appendix I listed species cannot be traded commercially. Appendix II listed species can be traded commercially only if it does not harm their survival.

Answer 3

The Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, literally "cat-foot black-and-white") is a mammal classified in the bear family (Ursidae), native to central-western and southwestern China.[2] The Giant Panda was previously thought to be a member of the Procyonidae family because they used to eat meat and fish (raccoons and their relatives).[3] It is easily recognized by its large, distinctive black patches around the eyes, over the ears, and across its round body. Though belonging to the order Carnivora, the Giant Panda has a diet which is 99% bamboo. The Giant Panda may eat other foods such as honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, and bananas when available.

The Giant Panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces. It once lived in lowland areas, but farming, forest clearing, and other development now restrict the Giant Panda to the mountains.

The Giant Panda is an endangered species and highly threatened. According to the latest report,[4] China has 239 Giant Pandas in captivity and another 27 living outside the country. It also estimated that around 1,590 pandas are currently living in the wild.[4] However, a 2006 study, via DNA analysis, estimated that there might be as many as 2,000 to 3,000 Giant Pandas in the wild.[5] Though reports show that the numbers of wild pandas are on the rise,[6][7] the International Union for Conservation of Nature believes there is not enough certainty to remove the Giant Panda from the endangered animal list.[8]

While the dragon has historically served as China's national emblem, in recent decades the Giant Panda has also served as an emblem for the country. Its image appears on a large number of modern Chinese commemorative silver, gold, and platinum coins. The species is a favorite of the public, at least in part because many people find that it has a baby-like cuteness. Also, it is usually depicted reclining peacefully eating bamboo, as opposed to hunting, which adds to its image of innocence. Though the Giant Panda is often assumed to be docile, it has been known to attack humans, presumably out of irritation rather than predatory behavior.[9]

参考资料：维基百科

Answer 4

Giant pandas live in broadleaf and coniferous forests with a dense understory of bamboo, at elevations between 5,000 and 10,000 feet. Torrential rains or dense mist throughout the year characterizes these forests, often shrouded in heavy clouds.

Answer 5

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这个是大熊猫的资料