英语语法问题

Question

老师几个问题麻烦一下
Cops caught him sneaking TV sets out the back door of a JC Penney这句话是肖申克电影台词 sneaking TV sets out 不太懂什么结构

they laid the foundations of modern physics by showing that normal laws of cause and effect do not apply at the....这里的by showing that引导的是状语从句还是什么？

主补宾补的问题比如这个句子His father often makes him (to) study eight hours a day to study不定式作宾补我懂宾语是him 也就是to study的逻辑主语 可是he was often made to study eight hours a day这里的to study是主补 因为to study的逻辑主语也就是主语he所以是主补这样的解释可以吗？

good publicity I suppose这里的结构怎么解释？

but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth.这里的how many是作we know的宾语从句，而how many作主语 那么系动词是is 那么 are unemployed 在这里不是两个动词吧？应该是形容词？
类似的the biggest predictor of how long you'll be unemployed is not food stamp这里的of how long是属于介词短语作定语吗？而how long为状语成分 will be unemployed 和上面句子一样为be动词加过去分词作形容词？

Answer 1

Cops caught him sneaking TV sets out the back door of a JC Penney他在商店后门偷彩电时被逮 sneaking TV sets out 可以看做 现在分词短语 作定语 相当于 一个定语从句 =who was sneaking。。。。

they laid the foundations of modern physics by showing that normal laws of cause and effect do not apply at the....这里的by showing that引导的是方式状语
其中 showing 是动名词作介词宾语 that从句是动名词的宾语 从句
His father often makes him study eight hours a day
study是秃头不定式作宾补
宾语是him 也就是study的逻辑主语
he was often made to study eight hours a day这里的to study是主补
因为to study的逻辑主语也就是主语he所以是主补 这样的解释可以
动词不定式作宾补 有时不能加to
但动词不定式作主补 必须加to
good publicity I suppose这是省略句 省略 it is
I suppose是插入语

but the idea是主语 that we know precisely how many are unemployed是同位语从句
is是系动词 a myth是表语
.这里的how many引导的从句 是作 we know的宾语从句，而how many作宾语从句中的主语
宾语从句的 谓语是 are unemployed 这是系表结构 可以看做 过去分词作表语 相当于形容词作表语

类似的the biggest predictor of how long you'll be unemployed is not food stamp这里的of how long you'll be unemployed是属于介词短语作定语 其中how long you'll be unemployed是名词性从句 作介词宾语 是宾语从句
句子的主干 是 the biggest predictor is not food stamp追问

sneaking TV sets 这里是分词短语作定语修饰him不应该是he吗？who能修饰宾格
tv sets是一个词组？而这里可以翻译为在商店的门外？ out the back door of a JC Penney

或者把sneaking TV sets 看做现在分词作him的宾补？
good publicity I suppose这句话的原句应该是it is good publicity I suppose？

追答

宾语 是him 是一个宾格代词 相当于一个 作宾语的名词 可以 有 定语 也可以有 定语从句
当然把 看做 sneaking TV sets 作him的宾补 也是可以的

其实 sneak sth out 是偷偷地 带出去 的意思
VERB 偷带;私运 If you sneak something somewhere, you take it there secretly.
如 He smuggled papers out each day, photocopied them, and snuck them back...
他每天都把文件偷偷地带出去复印，然后再偷偷地拿回来。

the back door of a JC Penney意思是 一家连锁店 的后门

来自：求助得到的回答

Answer 2

1 sneaking TV sets out 是现在分词作宾补，catch sb doing抓住某人正在做某事
2 by showing that normal laws of cause and effect do not apply at the...是介词短语作状语，介词短语中介词的宾语是动名词showing， showing后面跟了自己的宾语从句that...
3 理解正确。
4 good publicity I suppose没有上下文不好解释。不过I suppose结构通常作插入语较多。
5 but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth. 这里that we know precisely how many are unemployed是定语从句，修饰idea，定语从句中包含宾语从句how many are unemployed，这是一个主系表结构的特殊疑问句。Unemployed是过去分词或者说形容词作表语。
6 the biggest predictor of how long you'll be unemployed is not food stamp该句中how long you'll be unemployed是宾语从句，作介词Of的宾语，宾语从句依然是主系表结构，How long是状语，后面是一般将来时，过去分词作表语。