alone
[误] The old man lived lone but he didn't feel lonely.
[正] The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.
[析] alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有"孤单、孤独"之意。但其用法不同:lone可以作定语,而alone则只能作表语,lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独。
already
[误] We are already for the work.
[正] We are all ready for the work.
[析] already 是副词,其意为"已经",如:He already knew about it. 而all ready为形容词意为"准备好"。
already yet
already多用于肯定句中,例如:The students have already finished the work. 而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,如:Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet.
also
[误] I didn't find the dictionary also.
[正] I didn't find the dictionary either.
[析] 作为"也"讲,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.
also too
also与too都可用在肯定句中表示"也",但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后,如:I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。I'll attend his class, too.
always
[误] Always he asked himself why he had come here.
[正] He always asked himself why he had come here.
[析] always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后,如:I've always thought he is honest. 又如:He is always late.
among
[误] If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive?
[正] If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive?
[析] among常用于三个事物或人物之间,而between则多用于两者之间。
an
[误] This is an useful dictionary.
[正] This is a useful dictionary.
[析] 详见a条。
and
[误] He did not speak loudly and clearly.
[正] He did not speak loudly nor clearly.
[误] Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.
[正] Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.
[析] "和"这一概念在肯定句中应用and,但在否定句中则要用or
angry
[误] My mother was angry to me.
[正] My mother was angry with me.
[误] He was angry with what I said.
[正] He was angry at what I said.
[析] 要注意be angry后面如果接人,表示"对某人生气不满"时应用be angry with somebody. 但要接事物时要用be angry at something.
another
[误] I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.
[正] I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.
[析] 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法,现分别说明如下:another作形容词其意为:泛指的另一个或再一个,别的,类似的。一般在句中作定语,如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another还可以作为代词用,如:One student said:"I want to play baskball."another said:"I want to play football."?other作形容词其意为"泛指其余的,别的"。如:I have other books besides these. 又如:Ask some other people please. the other则为特指,作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词,如:She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指,单数)又如:There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指,复数)但当the other作为代词时,它代表的可以是单数,也可以是复数,如:He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (单数)又如:There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当the other作主语时,其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定,它可能是单数,也可能是复数。others则只能作代词,其意为other ones即为:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作为代词,它是特指某一些人或物,如:I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.
answer
[误] Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.
[正] Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.
[析] answer与reply是近意词,作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的,如:The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer,如:You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.
any
[误] Do you have some questions?
[正] Do you have any questions?
[析] some一般要用于肯定句,而any则用于否定句或疑问句。
[误] China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
[正] China is larger than any other country in Asia.
[析] 要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词,但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。?China? is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
[误] Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.
[正] Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.
[析] anyone只能指人,而any one即可指人 也可以指物。
around
[误] The nine planets go around of the sun.
[正] The nine planets go around the sun.
[析] around后面不要再加介词,如:The sun shines all around us.
around round
作介词用的around与round通常可以互换,只不过美语常用around,而英语常用round,例如:You can see the post office round/around that corner. (绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处:round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词;而around只能用作副词或介词。例如:The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词). He has round face (用作形容词). The river rounded the stones. (用作动词)
arrive
[误] I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.
[正] I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.
[正] I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.
[误] He arrived in the school at 11∶00.
[正] He arrived at the school at 11∶00.
[析] arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如:arrive in New York, arrive at the village.
arrive reach get
arrive如上所述是不及物动词,而reach则是及物动词。如:How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词,作"到达"讲时其后面多与to连用。如:When did you get to New York?
as
[误] This man works in the bank for a manager.
[正] This man works in the bank as a manager.
[析] as与for有时是可以通用的。如:This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.
[误] My brother is so taller as Tom.
[正] My brother is as tall as Tom.
[析] as… as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级,而不能用比较级。在否定句中可以用so…as,也可以用as…as,但在肯定句中只能用as…as,如:He is not so tall as Tom.
[误] I'll give him the note as soon as he will come.
[正] I'll give him the note as soon as he comes.
[析] as soon as所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。
ask
[误] The student asked a question to the teacher.
[正] The student asked the teacher a question.
[析] ask应接双宾语,即ask somebody something.
[误] They asked some books.
[正] They asked for some books.
[析] 向某人要求某物时应用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如:He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother.
asleep
[误] He is deeply asleep.
[正] He is fast asleep.
[析] 要讲"熟睡",就要用fast来修饰asleep。另外, 在英语中一般不讲somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有:go to sleep(如:The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.), fall asleep(如:I fell asleep at English class yes terday.)
at
[误] It will really do you no harm quite.
[正] It will really do you no harm at all.
[析] at all和quite的汉语意思均为"全然"、"确定的",但at all适用于否定句,例如:? -I'm sorry. I'm late.
-No trouble at all.
又如:I don't think it is right at all. 而quite则适用于肯定句,例如:He is quite a good teacher.
[误] The children play football for lunch.
[正] The children play football at lunch.
[析] 英语中的at lunch为"在吃午饭时"。这种惯用法还有at work(在工作),at table(在吃饭),at desk(在学习)。而for lunch则是为午饭而准备的食物,又如:We had some milk for breakfast.
[误] There is a post office in the corner of the street.
[正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.
[析] at the corner是指墙外面的角,而in the corner是指建筑物内部的角落。例如:There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.
at in on
在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at,如:He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 下午时要用in,如:I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是,in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词,其介词要换为on, 如:on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如:See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天,要用on, 如:on Sunday, 如:I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in,如:All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如:Where are you going at Easter.