第1个回答 2013-07-15
Huang Zongxi, words Taichong, Yu Yao people, Ming Shi Huang Zunsu eldest son. Zun Su Yang Lian, comrade Zuo Guangdou generation, because the impeachment of Wei Zhongxian died in prison, things are recorded in detail in Ming dynasty. Chongzhen reign, Huang Zongxi went to the capital litigation grievances. To time, Wei Zhongxian has been executed, i.e. hydrophobic please kill Cao Qincheng, Li shi. Where the court questioned Xu Xianchun, Cui Yingyuan, Zong Xi and they went to church, come up with an awl cone on their sleeves was pure, pure blood was significantly; and beating should yuan, pulling his beard came back to before the statue was God card; and after he leaves the prison, Yan Wenzhong respect, cover factor desperate for two stroke hand. At that time Cao Qincheng has been included in the reverse case, but Li Shi defended the original sparse Shu is not his writing, secretly sent three thousand gold begged Zong Xi not confrontation, Zong Xi immediately report, said: "Li Shi can now bribes openly, how can he argues that". And he went with him again when the awl cone. The lawsuit, bring the whole family children offerings in the large prison door, crying arrived at the palace, Chongzhen after hearing, sighed: "loyal soliton, to my great sympathy". After coming back, more committed to learn. The imperial examinations confine people's ideas are very angry, thinking about how to change this situation. Find out the home library reading, not enough, just copied the Tongli World Building button's, Dan Tong Sheng Qi family in books, [South] is 1000 ares church Huang, Jiang Yun Lou Qian, and construction continued to rest Yao Nanlei Chao Tang, to inherit ancestral Huang Zhen (word East) work. Shanyin Liu Zongzhou lectured on the Jishan, because father chose to follow him. While the Haimen Zhou inheritance more theory reference to explain Buddhist, Confucian classics, Yao River area of Confucian heritage almost destroyed. Zong Xi alone with the students more than 60 rejection Zhou's theory, the original Houttuynia cordata Hill disciples such as Qi, et al. Chapter reputation character of heavy people, but against the Confucian to be humiliated credit but not Zong Xi. His brother in inflammation, Zong Hui, have different general ability, he taught them, people call them "East Zhejiang sanhuang".Wu Yin, Nandu to prevent random post attack Ruan Dacheng, Donglin who elected Gu Xiancheng Sun Gugao headed by elected Huang Zongxi, weather from the top, Dacheng guts, sudden action, in accordance with the one hundred and forty adhesive in name, prepare all kill. Zong Xi was just open court, and could work, then arrested with Gu gao. The mother had a sigh: "is Wang Zhang wife and fan Pang mother's fate to set me up?" Driving with no, Nandu is compromised, Zong Xi fled back. "Jiaji, Shawn Rolling in King Chien-Kuo, painting River conservation. Zong Xi neighborhood children gathered hundreds of people follow them, Shizhong camp no.. Given the staff side Lang positions, soon changed to censor duty. The supervision of the first year of Datong Li Lu issued in eastern zhejiang. Ma Shiying went to the party and the country, says when Zhu, Shawn Rolling was afraid he had held Guoan, coaxing him, Zong Xi said: "the ministers of force cannot kill Ma Shiying! In the spring and Autumn Period Confucius strength, impossible to Chen Hengzhi body, but can not say that he should not kill." Ru Lin apologized to him. Wrote to Wang Zhiren, "this is not a battle, with the intention of automorphic, three small house, to feed one hundred thousand people, will not be long branch, how to hold?" People think he is right, but not to take his advice. At this time, Sun Jiaji with a battalion of soldiers to Zong Xi, Zong Xi and Wang Zhengzhong and soldiers, get 3000 people. Wang Zhengzhong, Wang Zhiren is from, to encourage loyalty. Zong Xi and his deep contacts, so that Wang Zhiren could not interfere with military. So the troops Tan Hill, by sea into Taihu, the recruitment of Wuzhong area hero, reach Zhapu, about Chongde leader Sun Shi as internal. At this time the martial law can not move forward, and Jiang military defeat, Zong Xi into the four mountain Walled root of self-preservation, surplus of about five hundred soldiers, troops in the stick tin temple. He transform costumes to access supervision, warned men and people get along. Men have not all obey his commands, people worry that attracted scourge, secretly burned their fortress, Mao, Wang Han killed John department. Zong Xi had no place to go, catch his official documents issued repeatedly, so carrying children into the quiet, heard that the king in the sea, to him, was awarded the left side all criticism of post. Every day and Wu Zhongluan sat in the boat, dressed and lectures on, there is time to time, the west, and note three almanac.When Zong Xi fled, his mother still living at home. The Qing government toward the left officials before not destiny, records the population of his house, people know this thing. After Zong Xi heard, petition to supervise the country immediately, was allowed to change the name, secretly back home. This year, supervise the country by national health to jump to the caterpillar Chau, also called Zong Xi came to him as Feng Jingdi, deputy to the Japanese beg for help, after arriving in Nagasaki, was not allowed, so do an article named micro, officers and men to you. Since then, the thing migration, no fixed. Brother Zong Yan and Feng Jing because of society, is condemned, Zong Xi using a trick to be saved. Jia Wu, Zhang Mingzhen secretly sent messengers came, caught, and arrest Zong xi. Bing Shen, Shen Chi water Zhaizhu Erxu mishap, is headed by Zong Xi, Zong Xi to die, is God blessed, and Zong Xi have not been intimidated. Later, maritime forces total defeat, Zong Xi had no hope, will serve the mother back to remember, to write, to consult him around the school many people up gradually. Wu Wu, the Qing court order called the erudite scholar. Abbot Bachelor Ye Fangai in poetry and persuade, urging him to leave, the two decline will not take place. Soon, Ai Feng Zhao with the abbot bachelor party Xu Yuanwen supervisor Ming, ready to call him as a consultant, governors and respectful to hire him, and finding a way out of the. The discussion if not, please letter to the governor of Zhejiang, the relevant part of history, let the copy of his book to the capital, his son Huang Baijia in the museum. Xu Qianxue is on duty to serve the emperor of Qing Dynasty, the Qing emperor asked legacy literature things, and to Zong Xi, and said: "once his brother Yuan Wen Shu recommended, but the old can't come." Qing emperor said: "can be summoned to Beijing, I'm not awarded him the government. If you want to go back, will send officials to send him back." Zong Xi old dry theory determined not to, the Qing emperors sigh speechless, that talent is rare. Although Zong Xi did not call, and the Bureau of history have big things would be to ask him. Li Zhi Wu Chen Ren hand, President of a thousand miles Messenger, begged him to review before they settle down. Once said that the history of the Song Dynasty Daoxue Zhuan is single, Yuan Confucianism see rude. The history of the Ming Dynasty followed the system. Zhu Yizun is also have this proposal, Zong Xi's letter to the people to see, and then remove the Daoxue zhuan. Zong Xi died at eighty-six. The knowledge of Zong Xi, out of Houttuynia cordata hill, heard of cautiousness theory, careful. Once said, Ming lecturing, followed quotations dross, and not as fundamental to the six classics, the book tied up in and you talk about. Therefore, people must be asked to learn classical academic, governance is used to control the world,. Don't do Yuru, must histories, histories is not much, can't change that makes sense; read more, but there is no experience, that is shallow degree. Therefore on the ancient and modern, [in] hole open, since the days of officer, topography, various sects of religion, no deep study. The book "to learn like number theory" six volumes, "the book" a volume of essays, "Lulu" new "two volumes, Mencius said" volume two division. Essays are "Nanlei copy", "poem case". This coexistence "Nanlei," eleven volumes, "Nanlei about" four volumes. And the "Ming Confucianism case" sixty-two volumes, the Ming Dynasty Confucianism school lectures division and rather detailed, clear sea "" four hundred and eighty-two volumes, read Ming. More than two thousand home, he said that history and ten in the [End]. And "deep clothing test" a, "this water roll" Siming Mountain "," nine volumes, "Jia Zi" the test volume, "two-way learning plan" two volumes, "Ji Ming case" two hundred and forty-four volumes, and "Ming Yi Dai" volume, are telling the governance world the truth. After Gu Yanwu see and praise: "three generations of the rule can be restored!" Astronomy is "Datong on" four volumes, "when the new constitution calligraphy solution eclipse method" a "solution", won a roll, "cut line" won eight solution volume, "timing method if the" roll ", western law if" volume, "and" law if a roll. Mei Wending then according to Zhou Bi about astronomy, the world was not secret, but do not know Zong Xi is the founder of the. Old age, "learning" song series, and "Ming Confucianism case", recorded seven hundred years Ru yuan portal. Xuantong year, from the worship of Confucious'temple.
第2个回答 2013-08-12
黄宗羲字太冲,余姚人,是明朝御史黄尊素的长子.黄尊素因为弹劾太监魏忠贤死在诏狱里.明思宗即位后,黄宗羲赴京师为父亲申冤.抵达时太监魏忠贤已被分尸处死,便写了奏疏请求皇帝处死曹钦程,李实.正逢朝廷审问许显纯,崔应元,黄宗羲和他们对簿公堂,拿出衣袖中所藏的铁锥子刺许显纯,刺得遍体流血.当时曹钦程已经牵连到魏忠贤的逆案中,李实上疏申辩原先的奏疏并非出自己手,暗地里送给黄宗羲三千两银子请求他不要出面对质,黄宗羲立即把这件事奏报朝廷,在和李实对簿公堂时又用铁锥刺他.官司了结以后,他和受害各家的子弟到狱门前设祭台对亲人祭奠,痛哭声传到皇宫里.明思宗听到以后,叹息说:"忠臣孤子,朕的心中很可怜他们"明朝灭亡后,清廷下诏征求博学鸿儒,掌院学士叶方蔼敦促他上路就任,推辞两次才得以避免.过了不久,叶方蔼奉诏监修《明史》,以礼聘请他,又被推辞.皇上说:"可以召他到北京来,我不交给他任务,如果他要回去,当即派遣官员送他回去."黄宗羲虽然不肯来,而史局凡有重要的问题,一定向他征求意见,请黄宗羲审订改正而后定稿.曾经说到《宋史》另外列有《道学传》,元朝者的鄙陋所致,《明史》不应该按照《宋史》的旧例这样做.朱彝尊正好有这种主张,得到黄宗羲的书信以后拿给大家看,便删去《明史》中的《道学传》.
王夫之,字而农,衡阳人.张献忠攻陷衡州,王夫之避居南岳,张献忠抓住他父亲作为人质.王夫之自己举刀遍刺肢体,被人抬去交换父亲.对方见他伤重,放了他,和父亲一起回家.明王驻扎桂林,任命他担任行人一职.当时国势危急,大臣们仍然水火不容.夫之多次弹劾王化澄,化澄想杀他.明朝灭亡,更加收敛锋芒,隐蔽行迹.回到衡阳石船山,学者称他船山先生.吴三桂在衡州称帝,有人让王夫之上劝进表,王夫之说:"亡国遗臣,剩下的只有一死罢了,现在怎么会写给此不祥之人呢!"于是逃入深山,作了《祓禊赋》来表明心志.吴三桂被平定,上级官员听到此事,心中称许,嘱咐郡守赏赐王夫之粟帛,召见他,王夫之以患病推辞.当时,海内大儒,道推容城,馀姚,昆山.然而这些人通过隐居声望日盛,虽然朝廷征召都以死拒绝,可是公卿称赞,天子动容,他们的著作容易在世上流传.只有王夫之避身瑶峒,声影不出林莽,最终得以完发而死.