这里you是see的宾语。动词不定式和动名词均可在及物动词后面作宾语,但在使用过程中应注意以下几点:
一�1�0 依照惯用法, agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand和arrange等及物动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语�1�7例如:
What did they decide to do? 他们决定干什么?
She failed to come to school yesterday. 她昨天没来上学�1�7
I hope to be back soon. 我希望早点回家�1�7
二�1�0 依照惯用法, finish, enjoy, mind, keep, miss, avoid, consider, imagine, practise, delay, escape, excuse, allow, suggest等及物动词后面常接动名词作宾语�1�7例如:
We can finish building the bridge before the end of next month. 我们可以在下个月底之前建好这座桥�1�7
Would you mind opening the window? 请您开一下窗户,好吗?
三�1�0 依照惯用法, prefer, hate, begin, start, continue, cease等及物动词后面跟动词不定式与跟动名词作宾语,意义上没有多大的差别�1�7例如:
After the teacher left the classroom, the students began to do/doing their homework. 老师离开教室后,学生们开始做作业�1�7
They continued to read/reading English. 他们继续读英语�1�7
但在下列情况下,宜用动词不定式作宾语,而不用动名词�1�7
1. like, love, prefer, hate等与would或should连用时�1�7例如:
I’d prefer to stay home to watch TV. 我宁可呆在家里看电视�1�7
2. begin, start, continue等本身用的是进行体时�1�7例如:
She was starting to do her homework. 她开始做作业�1�7
3. begin, start, cease, continue的主语是物而不是人时�1�7例如:
It began/started to rain. 天开始下雨�1�7
The ice ceased to melt(融化) in winter. 冬季冰不再融化�1�7
4. begin等及物动词后接know, understand, realize等表示心理状态的动词�1�7例如:
They began to realize the importance of learning a foreign language well. 他们开始意识到学好一门外语的重要性�1�7
四�1�0 下列动词后面既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但两种结构的意义有区别:
1. remember, forget, regret等后接动词不定式作宾语时,说明动词不定式表示的动作发生在后, remember等动词表示的动作发生在前;这些动词后接动名词作宾语时,说明动名词表示的动作发生在前, remember等动词表示的动作发生在后�1�7试比较:
She told me to go and lock the door. She didn’t remember locking the door after supper. 她叫我去锁门,她不记得晚饭后锁过门了�1�7
Remember to turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom. 你离开教室时,别忘记把所有的灯关掉�1�7
2. try, mean, can’t help, go on等动词后接动词不定式和动名词时,意义有明显的差别:
1) try后面的动词不定式是作目的状语, try to do sth意为“尽力做某事”; try后面的动名词是作宾语, try doing sth意为“尝试做某事”�1�7例如:
He tried not to be late for the meeting. 他争取开会不迟到�1�7
The soup is a little salty. Try adding some water to it. 汤咸了点,加点水试试看�1�7
2) mean后面的动词不定式和动名词都是作宾语�1�7 mean to do sth意为“打算(意图)做某事”; mean doing sth意为“意味着做某事”�1�7例如:
They didn’t mean to go and help you. 他们不打算去帮助你们�1�7
His words meant going to help you without delay. 他的话意味着他将毫不迟疑地前去帮助你们�1�7
3) help后面的动词不定式和动名词都是作宾语�1�7 can’t help to do sth意为“不能帮忙做某事”; can’t help doing sth意为“禁不住去做某事,情不自禁地做某事”�1�7例如:
I’m sorry I can’t help to clean the room. 对不起,我不能帮助打扫房间�1�7
They couldn’t help laughing when they heard the joke. 听到这个笑话,他们不禁大笑起来�1�7
4) go on后面的动词不定式是作目的状语�1�7 go on to do sth意为“接下去做另一件事”; go on后面的动名词是作宾语�1�7 go on doing sth意为“继续做同一件事”�1�7例如:
They went on to do some exercises after reading the text. 读完课文后,他们接着做练习�1�7
We went on doing our homework after he left. 他走后我们继续做作业�1�7
五�1�0 need, want, require等动词后面跟动名词的主动形式和跟动词不定式的被动式,都表示被动意义�1�7试比较:
Your house needs repairing/to be repaired. 你的房子需要维修�1�7
The problem requires solving/to be solved immediately. 这个问题需要立即予以解决�1�7
六�1�0 stop之后的动名词为宾语, stop之后的动词不定式为目的状语�1�7试比较:
We stopped working. 我们停止工作�1�7
We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下�1�7
When it began to rain, we stopped working to have a rest. 天开始下雨,我们停止工作,休息一下�1�7
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