回答如下：
无法看到你的图，只能笼统地解释一下它们的不同。
1.
介词短语：介词短语是由"介词+ 宾语"构成。它在句中可以作
表语、状语(表示时间、条件、原因、地点、方式、伴随、让步、目的、程度等)、
后置定语、宾补等。例如：
They are in the classroom(表语).
The book is on the desk(表语).
He will get back in two days(时间状语).
I haven't seen her since that time(时间状语).
Man can't live without water(条件状语).
He came late for his car breaking down(原因状语).
We work in the factory (地点状语).
She smiled at me in a friendly way(方式).
The sky is blue with white clouds (
伴随状语).
In spite of the rain(让步状语)，we still started out.
These martyrs died for the revolution (目的状语) .
To what extent (程度状语 )do you trust them?
The man under the tree ( 定语) is my uncle.
I found him on the bed (宾补).
2. 分词短语：分词包括
现在分词和过去分词。分词短语的构成是“现在或过去分词+ 其他成分”。它们在句中可以作表语、前置或后置定语、宾补、状语(表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、让步、结果等)。例如：
The book is very interesting (表语).
They were greatly surprised (表语)at the news.
This is a burning / lighted ( 前置定语)candle.
The man standing there / badly injured( 后置定语) is a cook.
Being ill / Badly injured ( 原因状语)，he didn't come.
Having something to do / Asked for ( 条件状语), you can leave.
Feeling very tired / Badly tired (让步状语), he still came to my help.
He stood there saying nothing / terrified at the dog ( 伴随状语).
His mother died, leaving him an orphan( 结果状语)