动词-ing有两种意义。
一种是：动作在某时刻正在进行，称为动词的现在分词。
还有一种是：动词在做非谓语的成分时，不能用原形，有时要用ing形式，称为动名词。有时也用to do 即
动词不定式。
一、动词-ing形式做主语
1、现在分词做主语表示事物化、抽象化的概念。强调：现在分词做主语时谓语一律用单数。
Eg: Talking is an art.
Eg: Tearning English well is not easy.
2、it做形式主语的情况
It’s no good/use doing sth. 做``````是没有用的
It’s useful/useless doing 做``````是有/没有用的
There is no `````````doing sth.
Eg: It is no use crying after knowing the result.
Eg: It is no good playing games.
二、动词-ing形式做
表语动词-ing形式做表语，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。
1、句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词/抽象的习惯性动作。（主语和表语的位置可以互换）
Eg: My hobby is playing games.--------Playing games is my hobby.
Eg: One of his bad habits is speaking loudly. -----------Speaking loudly is one of his bad habits.
Eg: Your task is studying hard.-------------Studying hard is your task.
与
现在进行时的区别：
He is flying.(现在进行时，就不能转换成----------Flying is he)
2、表示主语的某种性质或状态，描述主语的特征，相当于形容词，故不能与主语互换。
系动词：be动词、感官动词、get/become等。
Eg: This film is interesting.
Eg: Today’s weather is nice.
Eg: The song sounds good.
(主语一般为物：moving\ surprising\promising有希望的)
三、动词-ing形式做宾语
1、作动词的宾语
某些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。
allow \ cannot help\ consider\ risk\ suggest\ forbid\ protect```(from)阻止\ admit\ advise\ allow\ avoid\ delay推迟\ enjoy\ escape逃脱\ finish\ give up\ imagine\ mind\ practise\
Eg: I tried to avoid making mistakes.
Eg: I suggest having a rest.
2、作介词的宾语
是一些固定的短语搭配：be/ get/ become used to习惯于, look forward to, insist on, be succed in, be fond of, be interested in, be worth, devote```to, stick to, lead to and so on.
Eg: The book is worth reading.
Eg: I am used to getting up early.
四、作宾语补足语
1、动词-ing形式可以在感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。（表示动作的正在进行，状态正在持续）
Eg: I watched a student picking peaches when I crossed the school.
Eg: When I came into classroom, I heard someone singing.
3、动词-ing形式也可以用在使役动词have\ get\ leave\ keep\set\ send等动词后作宾语补足语。
（宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。）
Eg: Don’t have your students doing homework all the time.
五、动词-ing形式做定语
1、表示被修饰词的某种用途,一般放在所修饰词的前面。
阅览室 reading room 吸烟室 smoking room
洗衣机 washing machine 写字台 writing desk
3、起形容词作用的动词-ing作定语时，含有主动和进行的意思。
(1) 单个的分词放在所修饰名词的前面
Eg: I walked quietly in order not to wake the sleeping bird.
(2) 短语放在所修饰的名词后面
Eg: I know the bird sleeping in the tree.---------I know the bird which is sleeping in the tree.
Eg: It lived in a tree facing my house.----------It lived in a tree which faced my house.
总之
一般来说都是接动词原形。
接ing的情况如：make sb doing something. 使某人一直在做某事
接不定式一般是
被动语态，要还原省去的to, 比如: he was made to do housework 他被要求去做家务事
使役动词
1.使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有make(使,令), let(让), help(帮助), have(叫)等。
2.使役动词后接受词,再接原形不定词作受词补语。
He made me laugh.
他使我发笑。
I let him go.
我让他走开。
I helped him repair the car.
我帮他修理汽车。
Please have him come here.
请叫他到这里来。
3.使役动词还可以接
过去分词作受词补语。
I have my hair cut every month.
我每个月理发。
4.使役动词的被动语态的受词补语用不定词,不用原形不定词。
(主)He made me laugh.
他使我笑了。
(被)I was made to laugh by him.
我被他逗笑了。
使役动词有以下用法：
a. have somebody do sth让某人去做某事
??i had him arrange for a car.
b. have somebody doing sth.让某人持续做某事。
??he had us laughing all through lunch.
注意：用于否定名时，表示“允许”
i won't have you running around in the house.
我不允许你在家里到处乱跑。
小议“使役动词”的用法
1. have sb do 让某人干某事
e.g:What would you have me do?
have sb/sth doing 让某人或某事处于某种状态，听任
e.g: I won't have women working in our company.
The two cheats had the light burning all night long.
have sth done 让别人干某事，遭受到
e.g:you 'd better have your teeth pulled out.
He had his pocket picked.
notes: "done"这个动作不是主语发出来的。
2.make sb do sth 让某人干某事
e.g:They made me repeat the story.
What makes the grass grow?
notes: I was made to repeat the story.
make sb/sth done/adj./n
e.g. The news made him happy.
He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.
His actions made him universally respected.
He made her his wife.
3.get sb to do 使某人干某事
e.g: I can't get anyone to do the work properly.
get sth done 让别人干某事
e.g: I must get my hair cut.
Can you get the work finished in time?
4.leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事
e.g: We left him to paint the gate.
I'll leave you to settle all the business.
leave sb doing 让继续处于某种状态
e.g: Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.
We left him painting the gate.
leave sth done/adj./prep.phrase
e.g:Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered.
His illness has left him weak.
I was left with a ray of hope. 望采纳 谢谢