感叹句结构what和how用法:
一、“how”引导的感叹句有三种结构形式:感叹副词“how”用来修饰其后的形容词或副词,也可以修饰动词。
1. How+形容词+主语+谓语
How hot it is today!
2. How+副词+主语+谓语
How well she sings!
3. How+主语+谓语
How time flies!
二、“what”引导的感叹句也有三种结构形式:感叹形容词“what”作定语,用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。
1. what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语
What a good girl she is!
2. what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语
What good students they are!
3. what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语
What bad weather it is!
三、“how”或“what”引导的感叹句在用法上有几点值得注意。
1. how与what有时可以互换,句意相同。
How clever a girl she is! = What a clever girl she is!
What delicious cakes these are! = How delicious these cakes are!
2. how或what引导的感叹句在表示强烈激动的感情时,在特定的语境中常用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去。
How wonderful!
What a fine day!
3. how或what引导的感叹句通常用感叹号;但当表示感情程度不很强烈时,how或what引导的感叹句也可以用句号,读时一般用降调。
How good you are to me.
What a lovely smell.
4. how或what引导的感叹句本身表达一种强烈的感情,一般不含有very、rather、quite、extremely等词,以免语意重复。例如不说:
* How very fast he runs!
* What extremely beautiful flowers they are!
5. 著名学者周海中教授在1984年发表的《浅谈What和How引导的感叹句》一文中指出:how或what引导的感叹句一般不用于否定式。例如不说:
* How hard they didn’t work!
* What dirty water they didn’t drink!
6. 周海中教授还指出:为了使句子的感叹力得到进一步的加强,how或what前面还可以加感叹词ah、oh等。他举了实例:
Ah, how I love her! (C. Dickens: David Copperfield)
Oh, what an accomplishment! (D. Lawrence: Aaron’s Rod)
7. 英语专家费致德教授在1981年出版的《现代英语惯用法词典》一书中指出:在口语里,为了强调起见,how或what引导的感叹句可以改为感叹词+谓语+主语。
How impressive was the play!
What a fool is he!