华盛顿 200 传记

Question

200字呀！！！

Answer 1

乔治·华盛顿1732年生于美国弗吉尼亚的威克弗尔德庄园。他是一位富有的种植园主之子，二十岁时继承了一笔可观的财产。1753年到1758年期间华盛顿在军中服役，积极参加了法国人同印第安人之间的战争，从而获得了军事经验和威望；1758年解甲回到弗吉尼亚，不久便与一位带有四个孩子的富孀——玛莎·丹德利居·卡斯蒂斯结了婚（他没有亲生子女）。

华盛顿在随后的十五年中经营自己的家产，表现出了非凡的才能，1774年他被选为弗吉尼亚的一位代表去参加第一届大陆会议时，就已经成为美国殖民地中最大的富翁之一了。华盛顿不是一位主张独立的先驱者，但是1775年6月的第二届大陆会议（他是一位代表）却一致推选他来统率大陆部队。他军事经验丰富，家产万贯，闻名遐迩；他外貌英俊，体魄健壮（身高6英尺2时），指挥才能卓越，尤其他那坚韧不拔的性格使他成为统帅的理所当然的人选。在整个战争期间，他忠诚效劳，分文不取，廉洁奉公，堪称楷模。

华盛顿于1775年6月开始统率大陆军队，到1797年3月第二届总统任期期满，他的最有意义的贡献就是在这期间取得的。1799年12月在弗吉尼亚的温恩山，他在家中病逝。

首先，他在美国独立战争中是一位成功的军事领袖。但事实上他决非是一位军事天才，当然也决不能与亚历山大和凯撒一类的将军相提并论。他的成功至少有一半是由于同他对垒的英军将领的出人意料的无能，另一半才是由于他自己的才能。但是应记住几位其他美国将领均遭惨败，而华盛顿虽说打了几个小败仗而最终却赢得了战争的胜利。

其次，华盛顿是立宪会议主席。虽然他的思想对美国宪法的形成没有起重要的作用，但是他的支持者和他的名望对各州批准这部宪法却起了重大的作用。当时有一股强大的力量在反对新宪法，要不是华盛顿的影响，很难说这部宪法能实行得了。

再其次，华盛顿是美国第一任总统。美国有一位华盛顿这样德才兼备的人作为第一任总统是幸运的。翻开南美和非洲各国的历史，我们可以看到即使是一个以民主宪法为伊始的新国家，堕落成为军事专制国家也是易如反掌。华盛顿是一位坚定的领袖，他保持了国家的统一，但是却无永远把持政权的野心，既不想做国王，又不想当独裁者。他开创了主动让权的先例——一个至今美国仍然奉行的先例。

与当时的其他美国领袖如托马斯·杰弗逊、詹姆斯·麦迪逊、亚历山大·汉密尔顿等相比，乔治·华盛顿缺乏创新的精神和深刻的思想。但是他比所有这些雄才大略的人物都重要得多，无论在战争还是和平期间，他在行政领导方面都起着至关重要的作用，没有他任何政治运动都不会达到目的。对美国的形成，麦迪逊的贡献是重大的，而华盛顿的贡献几乎可以说是不可缺少的。

乔治·华盛顿在本册中的位置在很大程度上取决于人们怎样认识他给美国所带来的历史意义。要求一个当今的美国人对那种历史意义做出不偏不倚的评价自然是困难的。

虽然美国在二十世纪中叶具有甚至比鼎盛时期的罗马帝国还要大的军事力量和政治影响，但是其政权也许不会象罗马帝国那样行之久远。另一方面，美国所取得的技术成就有几项将来也会被其他民族视为有重大意义的，这一点看来是有目共睹的。例如飞机的发明和人类在月球上的登陆就代表了过去世世代代人们梦寐以求的成果；很难想象核武器的发明将来会被看成是无足轻重的成就。

既然乔治·华盛顿大体上可以和罗马的奥古斯都·凯撒相媲美，在本册中把他与奥古斯都排得很接近似乎不无道理。如果说把华盛顿排得略低了一点儿，那主要是因为他比奥古斯都领导的时间要短得多，还有许多其他人如托马斯·杰弗逊和詹姆斯·麦迪逊对美国的形成也起了重要的作用。但是华盛顿比亚历山大大帝和拿破仑这样的人物排得高些，因为他的功劳比起他们的来说是更加不可磨灭的。

美利坚合众国的缔造者——华盛顿

大家都知道，美国的首都是华盛顿，它位于大西洋岸的波托马克河畔。其实，在1800年以前美国并没有这样一座城市，它是美国人民为纪念美国的开国元勋——乔治·华盛顿而专门建立的，由此可以看出他在美国人民心目中的是多么崇高。
1732年12月22日，乔治·华盛顿生于弗吉尼亚的一个种植园主家庭。他自幼丧父，只继承了少量的田产和10个黑奴。16岁的时候，就去西部作土地测量员，后来又在俄亥俄河流域领做过土地买卖，靠着自己的艰苦奋斗，华盛顿成为当地有名的大种植园主。
当时，英法两国为争夺北美殖民地进行了旷日持久的战争，英国为战胜法国，竭力争取北美大种植园主的支持，1754年，弗吉尼亚总督答应把20万英亩土地给参加反法战争的富人，华盛顿积极参加了英国方面对法作战，指挥弗吉尼亚地方武装英勇战斗，屡立战功，协助英军把法军赶出北美。但战争结束后，英国却立刻翻脸，宣布西部土地为王室私产，不准垦殖。这一禁令使华盛顿一下子丧失了3万多英亩土地，从此，他成为英国殖民政策的坚决反对者。
1775年4月19日，波士顿人民在列克星顿打响了反抗英国殖民统治的第一枪，北美各州人民纷纷响应，轰轰烈烈的美国独立战争爆发了。
1775年6月，北美13个英属殖民地在费城召开“大陆会议”，华盛顿被任命为大陆军总司令。这时，波士顿义军正和那里的英军激战，华盛顿立即骑马出发，于7月3日抵达波士顿，他亲临前线指挥战斗，给英军以严重打击。
在战争初期，美军打得非常艰苦，他们中的大多数人是临时招集来的农民，衣服破烂不堪，没有武器，没有受过正规军事训练，根本不像一支军队，另一方面，美军的后勤供应也极度的困难，士兵们经常吃不饱、穿不暖，有时一连五六天吃不到面包，只好吃马料，在寒冷的冬季，有许多士兵不得不赤脚行军。
相反，他们的对手英军却装备精良，训练有素，后勤供应充足。所以，美军一败再败，纽约等要塞相继失守，到1777年9月，连首都费城也被英军占领，有些意志不坚的将领竟率兵向英军投降。
在极端严峻的形势下，华盛顿始终忠于北美人民的独立事业，从来没有动摇过。他以非凡的才干，把原来自由、散漫，缺乏组织纪律和统一指挥的美军组织起来，在战斗中锻炼成长，逐步建立了一支强大的正规军。他鼓励美军士兵，号召他们为自由而战，指出：美利坚人是自由的，还是奴隶；我们的田产应当归自己，还是被劫夺、被毁坏；两条路，一条是勇敢地反抗，一条是驯服，正摆在独立军将士面前。
他努力将各州团结、联系起来，共同作战。1777年10月，美军在萨拉托加大败英军，从而扭转了整个独立战争的局面。与此同时，为了孤立英国，美国又多方展开了外交活动，争取法国等国的援助。1778年6月，法国军舰开进美国，英军被迫从费城撤退，把主攻方向转向南方。1780年，英军把主力转移到南方港口城市约克镇。法国和美军两路并进，直逼约克镇。法军用海军封锁海港，切断英军海上补给线，断绝了英国军队退路，华盛顿则率部从正面猛攻。
1781年9月，英军统帅康华理率部上千余人向华盛顿投降，美国独立战争取得了最后的胜利。
独立战争胜利后，华盛顿解甲归田，回到弗吉尼亚继续经营自己的种植园，在葡萄树和无花果树的绿荫下享受宁静的田园生活。1787年，华盛顿再度出山，主持制宪会议，制定了世界上第一部资产阶级宪法。1789年4月，华盛顿当选为美国第一任总统。
当他担任美国总统八年后，发誓不再连任，坚决回到芒特弗农山庄，过平民生活。1799年12月14日，华盛顿病逝

参考资料：http://www.elaputa.com/article/view.asp?id=4878

Answer 2

一下的东西供你参考，不过不是传记，而是华盛顿总统的简单生平和两次就职演说。

George Washington

First President of the United States

1789-1797

Date of birth: February 22, 1732
Place of birth: Westmoreland Country, Virginia
Date of death: December 14, 1799
Place of death: Mount Vernon, Virginia
Party: Federalist
Wife: Martha Dandridge Custis

First Inaugural Address
Fellow Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:

Among the vicissitudes incident to live no event could have filled me with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and received on the 14th day of the present month. On the one hand, I ws summoned by my country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection, and, in my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining years -- a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me by the addition of havit to inclination, ad of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my country called me, being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with despondence one who (inheriting inferior endowments from nature and unpracticed in the duties of civil administration) ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies. In this convlict of emotions all I dare aver is that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance by which it might be affected. All I dare hope is that if, in executing this task, I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, nd have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares before me, my error will be palliated by the motives which mislead me, and its consequences be judged by my country with some share of the partiality in which they originated.

Such being the impressions under which I have, in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act my fervent supplications to that Almighty Being who rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can supply every human defect, that his benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the Un8ited States a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes, and may enable every instrument employed in his administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge. In tendering this homage to the Great Author of every pubolic and private good, I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments not less than my own, nor those of my fellow citizens at large less than either. No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the Invisible Hand which conducts the affairs of men more than those of the United States. Every step by which they have been advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency; and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government the tranquil deliberations and valuntary consent of so many distince communities from which the event has resulted can not be compared with the means by which most governments have been established without some return of pious gratitude, along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. These reflections, arishing out of the present crisis, have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in thinking that there are none under the influence of which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commerce.

By the article establishing the executive department it is made the duty of the President "to recomend your consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." The circumstances under which I now meet you will acquit me from entering into the subject further than to refer to the great constitutional charter under which you are assembled, and which, in defining your powers, designates the objects to which your attention is to be given. It will be more consistent with those circumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me, to substitute, in place of recommendation of perticular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriotism which adorn the characters selected to devise and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications I behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local prejudices or attachments, no separate views nor party animosities, will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage of communities and interests, so, on another, that the foundation of our national policy will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of privcate morality, and the preeminence of free government be exemplified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command the espect of the world. I dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my country can inspire, since there is no truth more thoroughly established than that there exists in the economy and course of nature an indissoluble union between virtue and happiness; between duty and advantage; between the genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity; since we ought to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of Heaven can never be expected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right which heaven itself has ordained; and since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the destiny of the republican model of government are justly considered, perhaps, and deeply, as finally, staked on the experiment intrusted to the hands of the American people.

Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care, it will remain with your judgment to decide how far an exercies of the occasional power delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is rendered expedient at the present juncture by the nature of objections which have been urged against the system, or by the degree of inquietude which has given birth to them. Instead of undertaking particular recommendations on this subject, in which I could be guided by no lights derived from official opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the public good; for I assure myself that whilst you carefully avoid every alteration which might endanger the benefits of an united and effective government, or which ought to await the future lessons of experience, a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen and a regard for the public harmony will suficiently influence your deliberations on the question how far the former can be impregnably fortified or the latter be safely and advantageously promoted.

To the foregoing observations I have one to add, which will be most properly address to the House of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will theretofore be as brief as possible. when I was first honored with a call into the service of my country, then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liberties, the light in which I contemplated my duty required that I should renounce every pecuniary compensation. From this resolution I have in no instance departed; and being still under the impressions which produced it, I must decline aas inapplicable to myself any share in the personal emoluments which may be indispensably included in a permanent provision for the executive department, and must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates for the station in which I am placed may during my continuance in it be limited to such actual expenditures as the public good may be thought to require.

Having thus imparted to you my sentiments as they have been awakend by the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave; but not without resorting once more to the benign Parent of the Human Race in humble supplication that, since He has been pleased to favor the American people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with unparalleled unanimity on a form of government for the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness, so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the temperate consultations, and the wise measures on which the success of this Government must depend。

Second Inaugural Address
I am again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its Chief Magistrate. When the occasion proper for it shall arrive, I shall endeavor to express the high sense I entertain of this distinguished honor, and of the confidence which has been reposed in me by the people of united America.

Previous to the execution of any official act of the President the Constitutions requires an oath of office. This oath I am now about to take, and in your presence: That if it shall be found during my administration of the Government I have in any instance violated willingly or knowingly the injunctions thereof, I may (besides incurring constitutional punishment) be subject to the upbradings of all who are now witnesses of the present solemn ceremony.

参考资料：我博客中的资料

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