请问,如何判断定语从句是修饰主语还是宾语?

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans

比如说这句,which seeks to study humans,我知道它修饰的是主语social science。
但是不明白是怎么判断的。凭什么说它不是修饰宾语intellectual enquiry呢?

这要看定语从句的先行词在句中是主语还是宾语了。上述句子中,social science是主句的主语,is是主句的联系动词,that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans是表语部分;而which seeks to study humans是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词that branch,介词短语of intellectual enquiry(知识探求) 是先行词的后置定语。因“知识探求”又有若干个分类,比如说历史、考古、军事、天文等方面,所以which引导的定语从句是修饰that branch的,故从句中谓语动词用了单三的seeks。that是branch的定语。
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第1个回答  2012-01-01
就这句话来说, 如果修饰主语的话应该是非限制性定语从句了, 因为social science不用额外修饰就可以明确。 所以不可能修饰主语。

其次,定语从句一般修饰最靠近的名词,如果不是那么从句子意思和上下文语境判断。
第2个回答  2011-12-31
你好。很简单。 处在谓语动词前面的就是修饰主语。处在谓语动词后面的就是宾语。
第3个回答  2011-12-31
感觉是个表语从句的复合句
Social science主句主语
is 主句系动词谓语
that 连接词(不能省略)
branch ...enquiry 表语从句
which..humans 定语从句,限制修饰intellectual enquiry
第4个回答  2016-11-08
定语从句修饰主语时放在主语的后面,修饰宾语时则放在宾语的后面。
一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,这个句子就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。
被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) 
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which the) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮忙的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句,在得正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要 求用关系代词。例如:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词和关系副词,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词。
例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
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