英语中主动表被动的情况

英语中主动表被动的情况

要具体一点,有例子分析更好,希望全面,不过够高考用就行了

在英语学习中,有许多地方用主动表被动,这对许多中国学生来说是一个难点,常常让他们感到不好学,不好掌握,在此小结一下
1、 Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.�这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).�你的头发该剪了。�
2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。
I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)
Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系)
He has a family to support.�他要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系)
3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式; 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如
difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient(便利的,方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等,不定式用主动表被动。
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。
I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。
That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。
4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:�
Who is to blame for starting the fire?�
这场火灾应由谁负责?�
You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。
The house is to let.此房出租。�
A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。�
5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等,例如:�
Your reason sounds reasonable.�
你的理由听起来很合理。�
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.�良药苦口。�
6、一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。例如:�
The door won''t open.这门打不开。�
It can''t move.它不能动。�
7、一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:�
The book sells well.�这种书很畅销。�
These clothes wash easily.�这些衣服很易洗。�
The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。
8、主语much, a great deal, little, what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动。
What is to do? 做什么?
Much is to do. 太多要做的事。
9、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。
There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。
I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。
Exercises: choose the best choice.
1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _____.
A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see
2. The food _____ easily and sells _____.
A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good
3. The windows of the building can’t _____.,
A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed

Key: 1-3 CAB
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第1个回答  2020-03-05
你好
常见的这类使令动词主要有两个特征:(1)这类使令动词大多表示各种心理感受,为明晰起见,列表举例对这类动词的英汉用法对比分析。(2)这类使令动词在转为被动语态后,主语一般由人充当,过去分词已形容词化,有其固定的介词搭配关系,而不是跟介词by,含有静态意义。此时,其结构也由被动结构转化成系补结构。如:
  主动句:the
film
interests
me.(主语:the
film,指物)
  被动句:i
am
interested
in
the
film.(主语:i,指人)
  类似的词还有:be
addicted
to;be
bent
on;be
caked
with;be
composed
of;be
delighted
at;be
disappointed
atin;be
excited
about;be
bored
with;be
shocked
at;be
astonished
at;be
tired
of;be
frightened
of;be
embarrassed
by;be
preoccupied
with;be
ashamed
of;be
fed
up
with
等。
  由此可见,受汉语表达习惯影响,忽视词性,尤其是把及物动词与不及物动词混为一谈,是产生错误的一个主要原因。下面几组词在词性及主、被动形式表达上易混淆:seatsit;raiserise;remainleave;dresswear;losemiss等。试比较:
  he
is
sittingseated
in
the
front
row.他坐在前排。
  my
pen
is
missinglost.我的钢笔丢了。
  wearingdressed
in
a
suit,he
feels
more
at
ease.穿套装,他感到更自在。
  if
you
take
three
from
ten,seven
remains.十减三剩七。
  no
food
was
left
when
i
got
home.我到家后,什么也没剩。英语中一些动词在同一词义下如果兼有及物与不及物两种词性,汉译时,用主动形式和被动形式表达并无多大区别。这类词常见的有:hang;catch;worry;aim等。如:
  he
pointed
to
a
picture
hanginghung
in
the
corner.他指着挂在墙上的一幅画。
  when
i
was
rushing
out
of
the
glassroom,my
coat
caughtwas
caught
on
a
nail.我冲出教室时,上衣挂在了一颗钉子上。
  mother
is
worryingworried
about
her
son’s
heath.妈妈正为孩子的健康担心。
  this
measure
aims
atis
aimed
at
boosting
domestic
economy.这项措施旨在振兴国内经济。
  不过,由于过去分词仍保留完成意义的痕迹,因此,在表示状态或结果时,最好还是选择“-ed”形式为好。试比较:
  i
am
preparing
for
the
exam.我正在为考试作准备。(主动,强调动作)
  i
am
prepared
for
the
exam.我为考试做好了准备。(被动,强调状态)
希望对你有帮助
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