常见形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则

如题所述

easy easier easiest
lazy lazier laziest
pretty prettier prettiest
naughty naughtier naughtiest
mealy mealier mealiest
early earlier earliest
thirsty thirstier thirstiest
Dull—duller--dullest
Loud-louder--loudest
Boring—more boring—most boring
Creative—more creative—most creative
Warm---warmer--warmest
Expensive—more expensive—most expensive
high,higher,highest large,larger,largest
wet, wetter,wettest busy,busier,busiest
delicious,more delicious,most delicious
heavy,heavier,heaviest
dry,drier,driest

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。

1.原级的构成和用法

1)构成:形容词、副词的原级形式是形容词、副词的原形。

2)用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as)+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构。例如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu. This building looks not so(as) high as that one. I’ll try to earn as much as Tom.

2.比较级和最高级的构成和用法

1)比较级和最高级的构成:

①单音节形容词以及少数以er,ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”,“est”。例如:great,greater,greatest;fast,faster,fastest;clever,cleverer,cleverest;narrow,narrower,narrowest

②以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词,以及少数以ble,ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“r”,“st”。例如:large,larger,largest;able,abler,ablest;simple,simpler,simplest

③以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“er”,“est”。例如:hot,hotter,hottest;big,bigger,biggest

④以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词,要将y改为i,再加“er”,“est”。例如:easy,easier,easiest;early,earlier,earliest

⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most。例如:beautiful,more beautiful,most beautiful;carefully,more carefully,most carefully

⑥少数单音节形容词如real,glad,fond,tired,pleased等也加more和most构成比较级和最高级。例如:tired,more tired;most tired,pleased,more pleased,most pleased。

⑦下列形容词与副词的比较级和最高级有两种构成方法:

crueler cruelest oftener oftenest

cruel{ often{

more cruel most cruel more often most often

stricter strictest friendlier friendliest

strict{ friendly{

more strict most strict more friendly most friendly

⑧下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则:good(well),better,best;bad(ill,badly),worse,worst;many(much),more,most;little,less,least

farther farthest

far{

further furthest

old elder/older eldest/oldest

2)两种比较级(最高级)形式用法上的差别:

older oldest

old{

elder eldest

elder和eldest主要用来表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系,elder不与than连用。例如:She is the eldest of the three(sisters).(She is the eldest sister.) My elder brother is two years older than me. I am his eldest daughter(son).

farther farthest

far {

further furthest

further和furthest也是far的比较级和最高级,但现在furthest用得较少,而further除了表示距离等“较远”之外,还有“进一步”的意思。例如:No further dis-cussion is necessary.没有必要作进一步的讨论。Don’t make any changes till further notice.在另有通知之前,不要做任何变动。

later latest

late{

latter last

later指时间上的“后来;稍后”,而latter指顺序上的“后者”,与the连用。例如:See you later. Betty and Susan are both my girl friends;the former(前者)is slim(瘦)and the latter is plump(胖).

注意:latter常指一段时间的“下一半”。例如:the latter half of the month下半月。latest指时间上的“最迟的、最近的”;last指顺序上“最后的”。例如:one’s latest works某人最近的作品,the last month of the year一年的最后一个月。

A more和most的用法相当自由:

You should ride more.

你必须多骑马。

I use this room most.

这个房间我用得最多。

但当much是原级时,使用范围较小。

B much意为a lot(许多)时可修饰表示否定意思的动词:

He doesn’t ride much nowadays.

现在他不太骑马了。

在表示疑问的句子里much主要与how连用。在没有how的疑问句中可用much,但a lot更常见:

How much has he ridden?

他骑马多吗?

Has he ridden a lot/much?

他近来常骑马吗?

在肯定句中as/so/too+much是可以的。在没有as/so/too的情况下,肯定句中用a lot/a good deal/a great deal会更好:

He shouts so much that…

他叫喊的太厉害了,以至于……

I talk too much.

我说得太多了。

但是说:

He rides a lot/a great deal.

他常骑马。

C very much意为greatly(非常)时,在肯定句中使用比较广泛。

常和它一起用的词有blame(责备),praise(赞扬),thank(感谢)及一些表达感情的动词:admire(钦佩),amuse(使娱悦),approve(赞成),dislike(不喜欢),distress(使烦恼),enjoy(喜爱),impress(使有深刻印象),like(喜欢),object(反对),shock(震惊),surprise(使惊奇)等等:

Thank you very much.

非常感谢你。

They admired him very much.

他们很钦佩他。

She objects very much to the noise they make.

她非常反对他们弄出的噪音。

much(=greatly非常)可以和very连用,也可以省去very而与下列分词连用:admired(受钦佩的),amused(娱悦的),dis-liked(不受喜欢的),distressed(烦恼的), impressed(留有……印象的),liked(受喜欢的),shocked(被震惊的),struck(受巨大影响的),upset(心烦意乱的)。

He was(very) much admired.

他很受人钦佩。

She was (very) much impressed by their good manners.

他们彬彬有礼,给她留下了深深的影响。

D much意为a lot(许多)时能够修饰形容词的比较级和最高级及动词:

much better好多了

much the best最最好

much more quickly快多了

much too可与形容词的原级连用:

He spoke much too fast.

他说话说得太快了。

E most放在形容词或副词之前,有“很”的意思。主要与双音节或多音节形容词/副词连用:

He was most apologetic.

他已表示十分的歉意了。

She behaved most generously.

她的行为非常慷慨大度。

参考资料:http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/111385432.html?an=0&si=1

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第1个回答  2011-07-18
通常比较级加er,最高级加est.以e结尾的加r或st。闭音节双写最后一个字母加er,est.还有一些特殊的需记忆
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