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Question

土石混合料由于其强度高，分布广泛，储量大且施工方便，作为一种优质的填料，已被广泛的应用于道路、堤坝及基础的填筑中。目前，对于原地基由附加应力引起的沉降变形已有成熟的计算方法，如分层总和法，但对于填筑体的变形，如堤坝、道路等，至今没有较成熟的计算方法。在实际工程中，通常通过物理模拟试验反求有关力学参数，然后通过数值分析方法分析土工构筑物的应力和变形。
对土工构筑物进行物理模拟时，首要条件是保证模型的应力水平与原型相同。根据近代相对论的原理，重力与惯性力是等效的，而土的性质又不因加速度的变化而改变。土工离心模型试验是用原型材料制作模型，利用高速旋转的离心机，在模型上施加超过重力n倍的离心惯性力，补偿模型因缩尺1/n所造成的自重应力的损失，达到与原型相同的应力水平，在原型应力状态下，直观地研究原型的变形状况和破坏过程，这样就可以在模型中再现原状土工构筑物的性状。因此，离心模拟技术对于以重力为主要荷载的土工构筑物来说就特别有效，在国内外受到极大重视并得到迅速发展[1-8]。
但由于土工离心模型试验设备复杂，试验工作费力费时，周期长，大多数的研究仅针对工程原型进行了个别模型的试验，很少进行规律性的试验研究。结合上述问题，本研究针对土石混填路基的沉降变形问题，进行了不同压实度、不同含水率和不同颗粒组成的土工离心模型，初步探讨了土石混填路基的沉降变形特征。
2 离心模型试验基本原理及设备
2.1 离心模型试验原理
如引言中所述，土工离心模型试验是将土工模型置于高速旋转的离心机中，让模型承受大于重力加速度的离心加速度的作用，补偿因模型缩尺带来的土工构筑物自重的损失，从而保持模型的应力状态与原型相同或近似。它比通常在静力(重力加速度)条件下的物理模拟更接近于实际。
土工离心机一般由主轴、转臂、吊篮以及动力传动和量测设备等组成，图1为其结构示意图。
翻译成英语

Answer 1

Mixture because of its high strength, widely distributed, with large reserves and also facilitate construction as a quality fill. has been widely used roads, dams and infrastructure for the filling. At present, the additional stress caused by the original settlement of the foundations already mature methods, such as layering summation. But filling the deformation, such as dams, roads, etc., so that no more mature methods of calculation. In practical engineering, physics simulation, usually through reverse the mechanical parameters. then analysis of geotechnical structures, numerical analysis of stress and deformation. Geotechnical structure of the physical simulation, the first condition is to ensure the prototype model of the same stress level. According to the modern theory of relativity, gravity and inertia are equivalent, and the acceleration due to the soil without changing the nature of change. Geotechnical centrifuge model test is used to produce a prototype model material, the use of high-speed rotating centrifuge. Gravity n times more than the model imposed by the centrifugal force. Scale model outdoors as compensation for the losses caused by the gravitational stress, the stress level is reached with the same prototype. Stress in the prototype, the visual study of the deformation and damage processes prototype, This model can be reproduced in the original geotechnical structures traits. Therefore, the centrifugal gravity simulation technology to run on the main loads are particularly effective geotechnical structures, great attention at home and abroad to speed up the development of [1-8]. However, due to complex geotechnical centrifuge model test equipment, test work and effort and time-consuming, long cycle, Most research works only against individual models of the prototype, the laws are rarely carried out pilot studies. A combination of these problems, this study rock foundation Settlement, a different degree of compaction. different particles of soil moisture content and different centrifuge model, explored the rocky embankment settlement deformation characteristics. 2 centrifuge model test the basic tenets and principles of centrifugal model test equipment 2.1 as described in the introduction, geotechnical centrifuge model test will be placed in a high-speed rotating geotechnical centrifuge model. Centrifugal acceleration is greater than the acceleration due to gravity model for the bear, compensate for the scaled model of the geotechnical structures, the loss of self, The prototype model of stress and thereby maintain the same or similar. It has usually static (acceleration of gravity) closer to the actual conditions of the physical simulation. Geotechnical Centrifuge generally axis Chuck, hanging baskets and powertrain components and measuring equipment, Figure 1 for matrix.
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