英语主语一致 举例

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
　　Reading and writing are very important.
　　注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词，共用一个冠词用单数，表示一人兼两职。
　　The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
　　The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
　　A. is B. was C. are D. were
　　答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C..本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.
　　2 主谓一致中的就近原则
　　当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致.
　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
　　总的来说，在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：
　　Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.　
　　Either you or she is to go.
　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
　　3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
　　当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致.
　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
　　He as well as I wants to go boating.
　　4 谓语需用单数
　　1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数.
　　Each of us has a tape-recorder.
　　There is something wrong with my watch.
　　2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数.
　　The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
　　<一千零一夜>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书.
　　3) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数.(用复数也可,意思不变.)
　　Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
　　Ten yuan is enough.
　　5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
　　1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定.
　　All is right. (一切顺利.)
　　All are present. (所有人都到齐了.)
　　2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family,team，group，club,public, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体.
　　His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.
　　His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者.
　　但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin(害虫)等在任何情况下都用复数形式.
　　Are there any police around
　　3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数.
　　A number of +名词复数+复数动词.
　　The number of +名词单数+单数动词.
　　A number of books have lent out.
　　The majority of the students like English.
　　6 与后接名词或代词保持一致
　　1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致.
　　Most of his money is spent on books.
　　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
　　2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致.
　　Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书.
　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市.
　　7 the+形容词/国籍形容词。表示一类人/一国人，作主语，谓语动词用复数。
　　8 the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人或两夫妇，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，
　　9 四则运算时，谓语动词用单数。
　　10 表示，(时间，距离，重量，金额，书名）的复数名词作主语时，通常当做整体看待，谓语动词用单数。
编辑本段
"表里不一"现象

　　主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象
　　和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下
　　1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
　　More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.
　　2, "many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:
　　Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.
　　3,"half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:
　　Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.
　　4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:
　　"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利
　　5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:
　　What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.
　　6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如:
　　No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
　　7,当主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except，逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:
　　My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.
　　8,each作主语的同位语时, 谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:
　　They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.
　　9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
　　Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.
　　10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:
　　The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.
　　11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news, works, plastics等同属此类.例如:
　　Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.
　　当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时，用作复数，如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点)economics（经济意义）等
　　12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时,前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.例如:
　　The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.
　　还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（记录）.remains（遗体）.thanks等
　　13,"one and a half +名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.例如:
　　One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.
　　14,"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如:
　　One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.
　　15,"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如:
　　He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.
　　16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如:
　　One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.

参考资料：http://baike.baidu.com/view/84523.htm#1

Answer 2

the dog bares at are not thieves

Answer 3

主谓一致
1.语法一致原则
①以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
What he said is very important for us all.
由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
what I bought were three English books.
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.
②由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
The writer and artist has come.
Every student and every teach is in the classroom.
Many a boy and many a girl likes it.
No boy and no girl likes it.
Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?
Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter
若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
None of the sugar was left.
None of us has (have) been to America.
③在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
④在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致。
It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.
It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.
⑤如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are looking for the lost child.
The cattle are eating grass in the field.
His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)
His family are watching TV.（他的家人）
Class four is on the third floor.（四班）
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）
⑥由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
50 percent of the students in our class are girls.
此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。
A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.
The number of pages in this book is three hundred.
⑦在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
There comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
Between the two hills stands a monument.
2.逻辑意义一致原则
①What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。
Which is your bag? Which are your bags?
Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen?
All can be done has been done. All is going well.
All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.
②表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
Thirty minutes is enough for the work..
Twenty pounds is too dear.
如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式
Forty kilos of water are used every day.
③若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
The United States is smaller than China.
“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
④表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
One and a half apples is left on the table.
⑤一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词，
它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。
I don’t think physics is easy to study.
⑥trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。
My glasses are broken.
The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
⑦“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。
The old are taken good care of there.
The beautiful gives pleasure to all.
3.就近（远）一致原则
①当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。
Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
Neither he nor they are wholly right.
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
Is neither he nor they wholly right?
②there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
③主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。
Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
A woman with a baby was on the bus.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.
No one except my teachers knows anything about it.