状语从句的注意事项

如题所述

由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
例如:
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着一种爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切!
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候,请你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长一边谈一边笑。
when, while和as的区别
when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词)
While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
As we were going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
as when while的辨析
as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生,三者差异如下:
表示“一边......一边"的意思
as
1、强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时
2、用于发生时间较短时
when
1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作"之前 "或"之后"发生。
2、when=and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)
while
1、用于时间较长时
2、 强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时
有时这三个连词可以互换,有时不可以。
It was raining hard when (as) I got there.
我到那里时,正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生,when可换为as, 但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.)
When I had read the article, he called me.
我看完这篇文章之后,她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前,注意时态表达,只能用when )
When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(当)我到了电影院时,电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后,只能用when,并要注意时态)
He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
他正要离开,忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”)
while, as不能代替
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
她以为我在谈她女儿,然而,实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折,对比,when, as都不能代替它)
While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外国人买纪念品时,那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句,从句的动作同时发生,while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词,因为它表示较长时间)
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
妈妈担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)
由before和after引导的时间状语从句
before的句型:
It is/was (not) +时间+before+从句 用了多长时间......
注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如:
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)
由till或until引导的时间状语从句
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换(till一般不放句首),但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。例如:
I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
由since引导的时间状语从句
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。例如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
by the time的用法
by the time 的意思是“截止到......(时间)为止”,后面接时间状语从句。例如:
The other students had finished cleaning by the time I arrived.截止到我到来之前,其他学生已经打扫完卫生了。
They had stopped serving meals by the time we got to the restaurant.截止到我们到达餐馆时,他们已经停止买饭了。
知识扩展
1. It is since从。。。来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词,表示一段时间)
It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。
2. It is +before…(。。。才)
It was a long time before I went to sleep again.
过了很长时间我才睡着。
It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived.
过了一个小时,警察才来。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute等引导的时间状语从句,这些连词都表示“一……就……”。
例如:
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如:
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.他刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
由by the time引导的时间状语从句
注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如:
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如:
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我。
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了。
8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”,通常译为“只要” 例如:
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况。
when和while的区别
when 和 while 都可表示“当.....时....”“这时候.....”when后及短暂性动词(land,come in,meet,leave 等),while后及延续性动词(shop,visit,read,sleep 等)
when 后接一般过去式。eg:The girl was shopping when she saw the alien.
What was Charlotte doing when the alien took off ?
while 后接过去进行时。eg:While the alien was buying a souvenir , the boy called the police.
While the alien was reading the book , the boy called the TV station.

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第1个回答  2016-05-11
一用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句.状语从句可分为:

1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句;3.原因状语从句;4.条件状语从句;5.目的状语从句;6.让步状语从句;7.比较状语从句;8.程度状语从句;9.方式状语从句;10.结果状语从句.

2.一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”.

二 时间状语从句

1.由when,while,as引导的时间状语从句.

【区别】when,while和as的区别:when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.并且when有时表示“就在那时”.

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应).并且while有时还可以表示对比.例如:

While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.(was
reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)

As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后.

As we was going out,it began to
snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了.(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

2. 由before和after引导的时间状语从句.注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成
“就,才”.还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系.当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后.After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后.主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反.

3.
由till或until引导的时间状语从句.till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until.并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同.例如:

4.由since引导的时间状语从句.since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.但在It
is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时.例如:

5.由as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the instant,the
minute,等引导的时间状语从句.这些连词都表示“一……就”.

【注意】hardly(scarcely,rarely)…when / before,no sooner…than相当于as soon
as之意.主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时.当hardly,scarcely,rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序.

6.由by the
time引导的时间状语从句.注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时.

7.由each time,every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句.

8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句.这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”.

三 地点状语从句

§4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)

地点状语从句一般由连接副词where,wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,例如:

句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句.

句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句.

状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当,来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等.状语从句都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号.

状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间,原因,条件,比较,结果,目的等类.

时间状语从句:是由when,as,while,after,before,since,until,as soon as
等从属连词引导的状语从句.

时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态.

原因状语从句:because,since,as和for都表示原因.because语势最强,回答why提出的问题,用来说明人所不知的原因.当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因,就用as或since.

由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替.但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for.

目的状语从句:表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that,so that,等词引导.

结果状语从句:结果状语从句常由so...that 或 such...that引导,要掌握和区分这两个句型,

首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词.such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修

饰形容词或副词.so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配.

如:The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.

让步状语从句:是由though,although 引导的状语从句.
第2个回答  2016-05-12
状语从句注意事项:
1、由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句

例如:

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了。

When truth is buried under the
ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on
the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with
it.当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着一种爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切!
2、when, while和as的区别

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。

例如:

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词)

3、While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。
例如:

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)

4、As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:

We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)

状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
第3个回答  2016-05-28
使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题:
1、在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来.
例句:
We’ll go outing if it doesn’t raintomorrow.
I’ll write to you as soon as I get toShanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句,如果从句的主语与主句主语一致(或虽不一致,是it),从句的谓语又包含动词be ,就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分.
例句:
When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had towork day and night.
If (you are) asked you may come in.
If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to youagain.
3、注意区分不同从句:引导的是什么从句,不仅要根据连词,还要根据句子结构和句意来判别.以where为例,能引导多种从句.
例句:
You are to find it where you left it.(地点状语从句)
Tell me the address where he lives.(定语从句,句中有先行词)
I don’t know where he came from.(宾语从句)
Where he has gone is not known yet.(主语从句)
This place is where they once hid.(表语从句)
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