非谓语动词是什么啊

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

非谓语动词
在英语中，动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词主要的句法功能一览表：
非谓语动词 功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
分词 √ √ √ √

Ⅰ). 作主语----doing/ to do：
⒈ 没有多大区别。动词原形不能在句中作主语
To see is to believe 百闻不如一见。=Seeing is believing.

⒉ doing抽象笼统的一般行为
to do具体的特别是将来的动作
Smoking is bad for health. 吸烟对人身体有害。 （笼统地谈吸烟问题）
To finish the job in two days is impossible. 要在两天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。（具体地谈这项工作）

⒊ it用形式主语于句首常用不定式置于句尾
* It is /was + adj./ n. /-ed +to do
* It is no use/good/a waste of time + doing sth.
It is impossible to finish the job in two days.
It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive.如果你不会开车，有车也没用。
It is a waste of time watching TV. 看电视是浪费时间。

⒋ There is no…句型中，常用doing作主语。
There is no saying what will happen. 无法估计将会发生什么事。
There is no use making an excuse for this.为这事编造借口没用。

Ⅱ). 作宾语-------doing/ to do：
⒈ 有些及物动词后面只能接doing作宾语，不能接不定式，常见的有：
void 避免/ miss错过/ postpone 推迟/ suggest 建议/ finish 完成/ practise练习/ enjoy 喜欢/ imagine 想象/ can’t help禁不住/ admit 承认/ deny 否认/ envy 嫉妒/escape 逃脱/ risk 冒险/ forgive 原谅/ stand 忍受/ keep保持/ mind 介意/ appreciate 感激,赞赏/ consider 认为/ delay 耽误/ detest 讨厌/ miss 想念/ resist 抵抗/ understand 理解/ feel like想要
I’m sorry I missed seeing you while in Shanghai.很遗憾，我在上海时没看到你。
He suggested discussing the problem at the class meeting. 他建议在班会上讨论这个问题。
Would you mind closing the window? 你介意把窗户关上吗？
Will you admit having broken the window?你承不承认打破了窗户了？
He avoided giving us a definite answer.他避免给我们一个肯定的回答。
I was afraid to let the boy risk climbing the tree.我不敢让这个男孩冒险爬那棵树。
I couldn’t help crying when I heard the news.听到这个消息我不禁哭起来。

⒉有些动词后面只能跟to do作宾语，不能接动名词，如：wish, hope, expect, offer, manage, decide, refuse, agree, pretend, promise, seem, fail
I don’t wish to be disturbed in my work.我不愿在工作中被打搅。
We managed to get there in time.我们设法及时到了那里。
He pretended to be reading a book.他假装在读书。
They promised to get up early.他们答应早起床。
He refused to do that job.他拒绝做那工作。

⒊ 有些动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接不定式作宾语，其意义基本一样，如： begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand, 但like, love 和would 或should 连用时，接不定式作宾语。
例 句 解 析
1. It began to rain. It began raining.
2. It was beginning to snow.
3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.
4. I like listening to music, but today I don’t like to.
5. I don’ t prefer to swim in the river now.
1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。
2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。

⒋有些动词后面既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语，但意义不同。如：
⑴mean to do sth. 打算干某事mean doing 意味着…
I didn’t mean to hurt you.我没打算伤害你。
Missing the bus means waiting for an hour.误了车就意味着等一个小时。

⑵stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事
I was lost and had to stop to ask the way.我迷路了只好停下来问路。
They stopped talking.他们停止了谈话。

⑶go on to do sth. （做完一件事之后）接着做（另一件事）go on doing sth.继续做某事
After learning history, we went on to learn geography.学完历史之后，我们接着学地理。
You shouldn’t go on living this way.你不应当继续过这样的生活了。

⑷try to do sth. 试图做某事try doing sth.试试做某事（往往表示某种方法或方式）
Let’s try knocking at the back door.咱们敲敲后边的门试试。
We tried to solve the problem.我们努力想解决这个问题。

⑸forget, regret, remember后接to do表示尚未发生的动作，接doing表示已经发生动作。
I forgot to write him a letter.我忘了给他写信。（ 以前没写信）
I forgot writing him a letter.我忘了以前曾写信给他。 （曾写过信）
I remember seeing you before. 我记得以前见过你。（ 曾见过）
Please remember to write to me.请记住要给我写信。 （目前还没写）
I regretted speaking to them about it.我后悔跟他们讲过那件事。 （以前讲过）
I regret to tell you that you didn’t pass the exam.我遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 （以前没告诉过你）

⑹be used to do sth. 被用来做…be used to doing sth. 习惯于做…
We are used to going to bed early.我们习惯于早睡。
Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以用来造纸。

⑺can’t help（to）do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 不禁…
We can’t help to solve the problem.我们不能帮助解决这个问题。
On hearing the news, we couldn’t help laughing. 一听到这个消息，我们忍不住大笑起来。

⑻allow, permit, advise, forbid, consider + doing /+ sb to do
We don’t allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。
We don’t allow them to smoke.我们不允许他们吸烟。
He advised having a rest.他建议休息。
He advised me to have a rest.他建议我休息。
I considered going to Canada.我考虑去加拿大。
I consider him to be honest.我认为他诚实。

⑼need, require, want + to be done/ doing “需要（被作某种处置）”
The bridge needs/ requires/ wants repairing.
=The bridge needs/ requires/ wants to be repaired. 这个桥梁需要修一修了。

⒌介词（除but以外）后面的动词宾语一律用doing形式。
They are interested in singing.
他们爱好唱歌。（ 动名词singing作介词in的宾语）
* but 与no, not any, all 等词连用时为介词，但其后面的动词用to do，
如果but前面有实义动词do 的任何形式，则but 后面用动词原形do
He did nothing but cry.
他什么也没做，只是哭。（but 前面有实义动词did, 所以but后面要接动词原形）
I had no choice but to cry.
我别无办法，只好哭。（but前面没有实义动词do,所以but后面要跟不定式形式）

⒍ “wh- + to do，这一结构可转换成该疑问词引导的从句。
It hasn’t been decided where to go. 还没决定到哪里去。（主语）
I found out where to buy fruit cheaper.我找到了廉价买水果的地方。（宾语）
The question is what to write about.问题是应写什么。（表语）

Ⅲ. 作表语---doing/ to do/ done：
⒈ doing比较抽象笼统的一般行为
to do具体某次动作，特别是将来动作
有时两者都可以用，在意思上没多大区别。
My job is typing letters and papers.
我的工作就是打信件和文件。（打信件和文件是我日常的工作）
The next step is to discuss the suggestion raised by him.
下一步将是讨论他提出的问题。

Answer 2

所谓的非谓语动词，其一，是动词，其二，但不是谓语。英语中，动词不定式，动名词都可以是非谓语动词。如：

Being a teacher,you should be stricty with your students.(being)
He gets up early in order to catch the early bus.(to catch)

3.有关主从复合句，我给你发一下资料，你系统地看一下就行：

当英语基础知识的学习进入一个相对稳定的时期，就应该逐渐地接触和了解英语中的主从复合句，以期通过一个主从复合句来表达更加复杂的含义，并传达更多的信息。因为语序以及时态问题，中英文在主从复合句方面有着天壤之别，自然就造成了中国学生在学习英语主从复合句时出现迷惘和困惑。莱曼英语在对待英语主从复合句方面，更加强调由浅入深地有条理地系统学习。

一.主从复合句的分类：

英语中的主从复合句从功能上可分为下列几种类型：

1.主语从句

2.宾语从句 （1）时间

3.表语从句 （2）地点

4.状语从句--- （3）原因

5.定语从句 （4）条件

（5）目的

（6）结果

（7）让步

（8）方式

（9）比较

作为学生，完全没有必要死记硬背主从复合句的种类，而是更加着眼于英语主从复合句的特点和使用要点。这也是对主从复合句考核的重要内容。

二.主从复合句的要点：

1.连词（主从复合句的连接词）的选用

A类： that

B类： if,whether

C类： what,when,where,who.why,whose,which

how,whom

D类：since,as,while,before,after,till,until

once,whenever,wherever,because,unless

though,although,

E类：as soon as, as long as, so long as,

in case, so that, in order that,

so...that, such...that, as if,

each time,next time,

the first time,the last time

by the time, from the time.

2.时态前后呼应

A:主句是现在时，从句任意

(1)He always helps me with my English when he has time.

(2)She always says that she had a tough life in the past.

(3)Nobody knows what he will do in the future.

（4)The boys are talking about the football game which was shown on TV yesterday.

(5)The students are talking while the teacher is speaking in the class.

B:主句是过去时态，从句必须是过去时态

(1)He told me on the phone that he was driving on the highway.

(2)They wanted to know whether they had passed the exam.

(3)Students were discussing what they would do in the future.

(4)I wondered where the boy came from.

(5)We were cleaning the room while he was playing the video game.

3.从句永远用陈述语序

特别是当连词为特殊疑问词时，此时，必须明了的是，从句并非特殊疑问句。因而，从句不得用问句形式，而必须用陈述语序。

(1)I asked him what he was doing there.

(2)They wanted to know where I had been.

(3)The teacher wondered why he was late for class.

(4)He told us whom the house belonged to.

(5)I felt surprised how he made it.

4.主句是现在将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）

英语的主从复合句中，主句为现在将来时，从句则必须是一般现在时，此时的从句多作为一种先决条件，表明无论是现在还是将来，只要条件满足，则主句的动作就将发生。

(1)We will have a meeting as soon as he comes back.

(2)We will have an outing if it doesn't rain tomorrow.

(3)They are going to have a football game with Class 3 when they are free.

(4)Nobody will help him if he keeps cheating.

(5)She will buy some clothes as long as she has money.

三.各类主从复合句案例句

1.主语从句

A:What we need is your passion for learning English.

B:Why he was late still remianed a question.

C:Whether we should rebuild our hometown in the original place is being discussed.

2.宾语从句

A:They said that they had finished their work on time.

B:I told them I would be back in an hour.

C:The teacher wondered where the students had gone.

3.表语从句

A:He is what he was before.

B:She appeared that she had nothing to do with it.

C:Their idea sounded that they had no way out.

4.状语从句

A:They were watching TV when I came in.（时间）

B:He knows where we can find a hotel.(地点）

C:Since we have not enough money,we will have to give up this plan.(原因）

D:She would do it again if she found a mistake in her homework.（条件）

E:The old man gets up so early that he can have enough time to exercise.（目的）

F:The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.(结果）

G:One should be punished if he breaks the law,no matter who he is.(让步）

H:He walks as if he is drunk.(方式）

I:You don't study so hard as Tom does.(比较）

四.主从复合句中从句的主语省略情况

多出现在宾语从句中，条件是：

（1)连词为特殊疑问词或if,whether

(2)从句含有情态动词或将来时

（3）从句的主语与主句的主语或宾语相同者

可分为下列两种情况：

（1）当主句的主语与从句的主语相同时，从句的主语可用动词不定式替代：

A.We didn't know where we should go.

We didn't know where to go.

B.He asked how he would learn English well.

He asked how to learn English well.

(2)主句的宾语和从句的主语相同时，从句的主语可用动词不定式替代：

A.He asked me where I would go.

He asked me where to go.

B.They told him how he could make her happy.

They told him how to make her happy.

Answer 3

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。说白了就是to do,doing,done.本回答被网友采纳

Answer 4

什么是非谓语动词？

Answer 5

英语中如何快速分辨非谓语动词，看这里让你秒懂非谓语动词