介词有哪些，列一下，说出用法

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

介词在英语用词里也属于难缠的一个项目。因为它涉及方面很广，而且变化多端，往
往令人捉摸不定，记起来很麻烦。因此就有有心人弄了一个《介词口诀》来帮助学习者
；也有人写了《Preposition Song》令学习者一面唱歌一面轻松地记忆介词的用法。

介词英文叫作Preposition (简称prep)，它由pre和position组成，pre是前面的意思，而position是位置的意思。因此以前中文译作“前置词”，就是一种放在名词(或
相当于名词的词语)前面的虚词。

一、常用的介词

about,above,across,after,against,around,at,
before,behind,below,beneath,beside,besides,between,beyond,by,
down,during,
except,
for,from,
in,inside,into,
like,
near,
of,off,on,out,outside,over,
since,
through,throughout,till,to,toward,
under,until,up,upon,
with,without,
according to,
because of,
by way of,
in addition to,
in front of,
in place of,
in regard to,
in spite of,
instead of,
on account of,
out of.

哇，这么一大堆！别怕别怕，大部份的介词都不难理解，比较令人头痛的只是下列几个
：

at, by, to, in, for, of, on, from, with

其中又以 at, by, in, on 为四大“要犯"！学习介词就是要抓住这几"要犯"，看招
吧，嘿嘿!!

这回就谈到这里吧，噢，对了，下回就让我们先来一道《Preposition Song》洋餐吧。

谈谈介词(Preposition)(二)

二、Preposition Song (括号内是一部份介词用法提示，是我加的)
(本曲找不到原谱，但你可以自己配上适当的。如下面简单曲子就是例子：
3212/333-/222-/333-/3212/333-/2232/111-//)

1. In the summer at the seaside (季节用in, 在海边用at)
On the coast we like it fine (在海岸用on)
but in winter ,yes ,at Christmas (在圣诞用at)
By the fireside we recline (放置) (在炉边用by)

2. In July we went to Kenya (月份用in)
Stayed in Lamu by the sea, (住在Lamu用in)
We came back to Tanzania
Then across Victoria sea

3. Did you come here in a taxi? (乘出租汽车用in)
Or by bus, or on the train? (乘公共汽车用by, 乘火车用on)
Did you come on foot this evening (步行用on)
Or perhaps by aeroplane? (乘飞机用by)

4. Will you come to tea on Monday? (在星期一用on)
I′ll be home at half past three (时间三点半用at)
Yes, I′ll stay for half an hour (长达半小时用for)
if you buy some beer for me (给我for me)

5. In the morning I drink coffee (早晨用in the morning)
In the afternoon there′s tea (下午用in the afternoon)
In the evening I have cocoa (傍晚用in the evening)
Yes, at night ,it′s good for me. (晚上用at night)

6. Where′s my pencil?In the kitchen (厨房里in the kitchen)
On the table near the chair (在桌上on the table, 在椅边near the chair)
Underneath the cup and saucer (在杯和碟的下面 underneath...)
Just behind the teapot there (在茶壶后边behind...)

7. Can you tell me how to get to
Mr. Johnson′s coffee-bar?
Down the street and round the corner (down the street 沿着街道,round...绕过)
Past the church and there you are

8. Where′s the bookshop? Over there,dear (over there 那里)
First turn left,then go straight on,
Along the road,across the market (沿着路along the road, 穿过市场 across...)
It′s in front of you, dear John (在你前面 in front of you)

9. There is nothing on the radio (广播on the radio)
"Songs with orchestra" they said. (with后orchestra为有形物,无形物则用by)
I′m not interested in music (interested in 兴趣于)
so I think I′ll go to bed

10. In a moment I′ll be finished (in a moment 片刻里)
With these prepositions-so
I will say to you in English
till the next time, cheerio (加油呀) (till... 直到)

怎样？唱完十段歌词，你就学到许多介词用法喽。其中包括四大“要犯”at, by, in,
on。另外再加上许多虫虫蚁蚁，有的还得劳驾找一找喔，呵呵。
大家多唱几遍，下回我们再见时，你就更加胸有成“介”了，哈哈。

谈谈介词(Preposition)(三)

这里提供一个学习介词at, in, on 的幻灯片文件(PowerPoint)，可供初学者使用。其
内容包括有关介词用法课文、通过歌曲学介词、通过一个请柬学习介词、测验题。其中
所有中文都是我附上的。

为了配合这个幻灯片所介绍的三个介词：at, in, on，下面我们较深入地介绍它们(附
带谈by) 的用法。

二、介词at, in, on, by 表示地方、地点、位置:

2.1 at 把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”：

1. The begger is sitting at the corner. 那乞丐坐在角落里

2. Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. Jane在巴士站等你。
3. at home 在家
4. Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口？
5. at the top of the page 在一页的上面
6. The shop is at the end of the road. 那商店就在路的尾端。
7. at the entrance 在进口处
8. at the crossroads 在十字路口
9. When will you arrive at the office? 你什么时候会到公司呢？
10. I'm in France, at Paris. 我住在法国巴黎。(相对法国来讲，巴黎只是一个
“点”)
11. There is a small hut at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一座小屋子。
12. My aunt lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.
我的姑妈住在Durham,Boretz 路门牌55号。(地址要用at，不能用in)
13. at the side 在一边
14. at reception 在招待会上
15. I'm at work. 我在工作。
16. at class/ home/ the library/ the office/ school 在班上/家里/图书馆/公
司/学校

2.2 in 把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间：

1. I live in London. 我住在伦敦。(大城市用in)
2. I live in England, at London. 我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London喔)
3. I live in a big city, my sister lives at a small town. 我住在大城市，我
姐姐住在一个小市镇。(如果把city看做一个圆圈，small town就成一个点。因此就in
a city, at a small town. 呵呵)
4. We have a meeting in Beijing. 我们有北京有一个会议。
5. Mars is in the Solar System. 火星在太阳系里。
6. in a car 乘汽车 (不是 on a car 也不是 by a car 喔)
7. in a taxi 乘的士 (不是 on a taxi 或 by a taxi )
8. in a helicopter 乘直升机
9. in a boat 乘小船
10. in a lift (elevator) 乘电梯 (电梯像个笼子，当然要用 in 啦)
11. in the newspaper 在报上
12. in the sky 在空中
13. in the bed 在床上 (也可用 on the bed)
14. in the bedroom/ class/ library/ school 在寝室/课室/图书馆/学校

2.3 on 把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面：

1. The author's name is on the cover of the book. 在书的封面上有作者的名
字。
2. There are no prices on this menu. 在这菜单上没有价钱。
3. You are standing on my foot. 你踏到我的脚了。
4. There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall. 在那墙上有个“不准吸烟”的牌
子。
5. I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. 我住在伦敦牛津街
21号八楼。(7th floor 就是八楼；注意句中的 on, at, in 的用法)
6. on a bus 乘巴士 (不是 in a bus 喔)
7. on a train 乘火车 (可想像“骑”在火车上，哈哈)
8. on a plane 乘飞机 (可想像“骑”在飞机上)
9. on a ship 乘轮船
10. on a bicycle, on a motorbike 骑自行车/摩托车
11. on a horse, on an elephant 骑马/象
12. on the radio, on television 听广播、看电视
13. on the left, on the right 在左边、在右边
14. on the way 在路上
15. on the bed 在床上 (也可用 in the bed)
16. on the ceiling 在天花板上
17. on the floor 在地板上

2.4 by 用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意)：

1. by the fire 在炉边
2. by the seaside 在海边
3. a path by the river 沿河道路
4. by the nearest road 走近路

我想要记忆介词的用法，就得用一点想象力加以联想。如：at home, at the door, at
the corner等等，可想象“at家门口的角落里”。再比如: in Beijing, in a car, in
a taxi, in a boat, in a helicopter, in the sky ... 可想象为“In 北京，乘汽
车，乘的士，再乘小船，乘上直升机在空中飞”。

下回我们将要谈的是 at, in, on 用来表示时间的方面。再会！

谈谈介词(Preposition)(四)

三、at, in, on, by 用来表示时间

3.1 at (在、于)用指明一特定的时间、节日、年龄：

1. at dawn/ at night/ at noon/ at midnight /at daybreak
在黎明/在夜里/在中午/在午夜/在日出时

2. I go to school at seven in the morning. (at seven) 我早上七点钟去上学。

3. at half past five (五点过半小时) 在五点半

4. at a quarter to seven (过四分之一小时就到七点) 六点四十五分

5. The train is due at 12.15 p.m. (at 12.15p.m.)
那班火车的到站时间是12点15分。

6. at mid-autumn festival/ at Christmas / at Spring Festival
在中秋节/ 在圣诞节 /在春节

7. at forty 在四十岁时

3.2 in (在、在…之内、在…期间、在…后、过…后)
指明：天、年、月、季节、周次：

1. in the morning 在早上 (不可说at the morining。鬼才知道为什么不可用at，
大约因为at 没有“在…期间”的意思吧 )

2. in the afternoon 在下午 (在下午这段期间，呵呵,举一反三喔)

3. She likes to work in the evening. (或in the night) 她喜欢在晚上工作

4. in the day time 在白天

5. in 2002 (2002可读作two thousand two) 在2002年

6. He's to quit in May. (in May)他在五月就辞职了。

7. He went to Tokyo in June 2002. (in June 2002)他于2002年六月去东京。

8. in the second week of July 在七月份的第二周

9. It's too cold in winter to run outside. (in winter) 冬天里出外跑步是太
冷了。

10. in two months 在两个月内

11. in those days 在当时

3.3 on (在…时、在(某日)、在某日早/午/晚、当…时候、和…同时、刚一…)指明：
日子、日期、星期加上早午晚

1. on the first 在一号(指某月一号,如二号要说second等。其实意思是指某月的第
几天)

2. We're having a party on the fifth of June. (或 on June the fifth)
我们会在六月五日举行一个晚会。

3. on July the third 1990 在1990年7月3日

4. My brother is coming on Sunday. (on Sunday) 我的哥哥会在星期天来。

5. on Sunday morning /afternoon 在星期天早上/下午

6. on Friday evening 在星期五晚上

7. on the next morning 隔天早上

8. on the following afternoon 在下一个傍晚

9. on the night before 在前一个晚上

10.on the morning of 5th 在五号的早上
(你可能会说为什么不是in the morning? 如果你把morning of 抽掉,就可看出原来是
on the 5th喽。morning 也可换成evening, afternoon)

11. on the afternoon of his birthday
在他生日那天下午 (on the afternoon 不可用 in...，同
上)

3.4 by (的时候、到、等到…已经) 用在天、时间：

1. by day 白天(的时候)

2. by 2 o'clock 到两点钟

3. by this time 等到现在(已经)…

4. miss by a minute 迟一分钟

要记住这些规则，可以用上回我们提到的“联想法”。加油喔！再会。

谈谈介词(Preposition)(五)

四、for, since 用于表示时间：

4.1 我们用 for 用计量时间(年、月、日、时、分、秒等)

1. He held his breath for five minutes. 他闭息达五分钟。

2. She's lived there for ten years. 她住在那里已有十年。

3. The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.
英国人和爱尔兰人之间的争吵已有七个世纪了。

4.2 我们用 since 表示明确的日期或时间：

1. He's woked here since 1980. 自从1970年他就在此工作。

2. She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.
自两点半她就坐在等候室了。

五、表示动作的介词：to ,toward或不用介词：

5.1 我们用 to 表示向某处移动：

1. They were driving to work together. 他们一同开车去工作。

2. She's going to the destist's office this morning. 今早她去看牙医。

5.2 toward 表示移向某处：

1. We're moving toward the light. 我们向灯光处移动。

2. This is a big step towards the project's completion.
这是对于工程的完成前进了一大步。

5.3 不需要介词的词：home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs,
upstairs ...

1. Grandma went upstairs.

2. Rama went home.

3. She came inside.

六、介词与名词、形容词、动词的组合：
在英语里介词有时和其他的字紧密地组合在一起，可以当作一个词来看待。这种组
合很多，需要平时多加注意。

6.1 名词+介词：

1. approval of 批准
2. awareness of 意识到
3. grasp of 把握住
4. hatred of 憎恶
5. desire for 要求、愿望
6. fondness for 爱好 (I've a fondness for collecting stamps.)
7. hope for 希望、期待 (hope for the best 乐观)
8. need for 必要 (There is no need for hurrying.)
9. reason for 有必须……的理由 (have reason for...)
10. respect for 尊敬 (have respect for...)
11. belief in 信任于
12. interest in 对……有兴趣
13. success in 成功、成就

6.2 形容词 + 介词：

1. afraid of (He is not afraid of anything.)
2. aware of 觉得
3. capable of 能 (The tank is capable of holding 8 kg. of water.)
4. fond of 喜爱 (He's fond of fishing.)
5. jealous of 嫉妒于
6. made of 用……制成的
7. proud of 对……感觉光荣 (I'm proud of his acquaintance. 认识他是我的光
荣。)
8. sure of 确信 (You may be sure of his honesty.)
9. tired of 厌倦的
10. careless about 不关心、不重视
11. worried about 自找烦恼
12. familiar with 熟悉于、精通于
13. interested in 兴趣于
14. sorry for 懊悔、觉得过意不去 (You will be sorry for this some day.)

6.3 动词 + 介词：(这类组合特别多。要特别注意同一个动词配上不同的介词，意

就不同了)

1. care about 关心 (He doesn't care about other people. 他不关心别人。)

2. care for 喜欢 (Would you care for a cup of coffee? 你喜欢来杯咖啡吗？)

3. take care of 照顾 (Take care of yourseft. 照顾自己喔。)

4. dream about 梦到 (I dreamt about you last night. 昨晚我梦到你。)

5. dream of 梦想 (I often dream of being rich. 我时常梦想发达了。)

6. hear about 听到关于……的详情 (Have you hear about Jane? )

7. hear of 听到……的事/话 (Have you heard of a place called 'Mulu'?)

8. hear from 得到……的消息 (Have you heard from Ann recently?)

9. look at 注视、考察(Why you look at me like that?)

10. look for 找、指望 (Can you help me look for my keys?)

11. look after 照应、看守 (She is ill, she needs someone to look after
her.)

12. think about 思索、考虑 (What are you thinking about?)

13. think of 想起、企图 (He told me his name but I can't think of it now.)

七、多余的介词：(不必加上介词的地方就不要随意加上,括号内的介词须去掉)

1. She met (up with) the new coach in the hallway.

2. The book fell off (of) the desk.

3. He threw the book out (of) the window.

4. She wouldn't let the cat inside (of) the house.

5. Where did they go (to)?

6. Where is your college (at)?

八、句子里并列的介词：

8.1 如并列的介词相同，可去其一：(括号里的介词删去)

1. You can wear that outfit in summer and (in) winter.

2. The female was both attracted (by)(被吸引) and distracted by(使分心)
the male's dance.

8.2 如并列的介词不相同，相关的介词必需列出：

1. The children were interested in and disgusted by the movie. (interested
in感兴趣 / disgusted by讨厌)

2. It was clear that this player could both contribute to and learn from
every game he played. (contribute to付出 / learn from 从…学习)

3. He was fascinated by and enamored of this beguiling woman.
(fascinated by被迷住 / enamored of 倾心的

Answer 2

英语语法-介词

介词的定义和特征

介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如:

Most of the students went to the classroom.

大部分学生去了教室。

We play basketball on the sports ground.

我们在操场上打蓝球。

介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。

belong to 属于 rely on 依靠

talk to 同...谈话 be afraid of 害怕

be strict with对...严格

介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。

Where do you come from?

你是哪儿人?

Who are you talking to?

你在跟谁谈话呢?

What do you study for?

你为了什么而学习?

介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义:

about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.

I have bought a book about Shakespearean.

我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。

There are about fifteen trees in the picture.

图片里大约有十五棵树。

above 在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游.

The plane is flying above the clouds.

飞机在云上飞行。

I think the man is above sixty years old.

我想那人有六十多岁了。

across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面.

Can you swim across the river？

你能游过河吗？

We live across the street.

我们住在街的对面。

after 在...后面,依照.

He went home after school.

他放学后就回家了。

Read after me, please.

请跟我朗读。

against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背,

The car hit against the tree.

汽车撞了树。

He is standing against the wall.

他靠墙站着。

along 沿着,顺着.

They are walking along the river.

他们沿着河行走。

among 在...当中.

He is the tallest among them.

他是他们当中个子最高的。

around 在...的周围,在...那一边.

They sat around the table talking the news.

他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。

There is a drugstore around the corner.

拐角处有一家药店。

as 作为.

He doesn't like people treat him as a child.

他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。

at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向，在...之中，按...速度,值(卖)...钱,

He always gets up at six in the morning.

他时常早上六点钟起床。

He shot at the bird but missed it.

他向鸟射击，但是没射中。

The car goes at eighty miles an hour.

汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。

before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间)

He took a picture before the car.

他在汽车前照了张照片。

He can't finish his work before supper.

晚饭前他完不成工作。

behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于，不如，

迟于,晚于(时间)

Are there any brooms behind the door.

门后有扫帚吗？

All of us are behind him in mathematics.

我们数学都不如他。

below 在...之下,低于,

There are four lights below the ceiling.

天花板下面有四盏灯。

The murderer run away below the police's eyes.

杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。

beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比.

He found the body by the river.

他在河边发现了尸体。

Beside yours， my computer is too slow.

与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。

besides 除...之外,

We are all here besides Bowe.

除鲍外，我们也都来了。

between 在...两者之间,

The relations between the two countries has improved since then.

两国的关系从那以后得到了改善。

beyond 在...那边,

The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.

你要找的商店在街的那边，你不会找不到的。

but 除去.

He has nothing but money.

他除钱以外什么都没有。

by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段。

The classroom was cleaned by the students.

教室由学生们打扫干净了。

Miss Lucy came to China by air.

露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。

down 沿着...望下。

She walked down the street.

她沿着街道走。

during 在...期间,在...时候。

During the holiday, we went to the south.

我们假期去了南方。

except 除...之外。

He knows nothing except English.

他除英语以外什么都不知道。

for 为..., 因为..., 至于... 。

He works for this company.

他为这家公司工作。

She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.

她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。

from 从..., 来自..., 因为...。

Where are you from?

你是哪里人？

He died from an accident.

他死于一场事故。

in 在..., 在...之内，从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。

He was born in 1992.

他生于1992年。

I could finish the program in two weeks.

我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。

He spend less time in reading.

他读书时间很少。

The man in black jacket is our teacher.

穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。

like 象...，如同...。

The twins are like their father.

双胞胎象他们的父亲。

near 靠近....。

There are some flowers near the house.

房子附近有一些花。

of ...的，属于...。

This is a map of China.

这是一张中国地图。

off 离开...，在...之外。

The young man got off the train quickly.

那个年青人很快下了火车。

I live in a village a little way off the main road.

我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。

on 在...之上。

My book is on the table.

我的书在桌子上。

out of 从...出来，在...之外。

The dog run out of the house.

狗从房子里跑出来。

outside ... 外边.

They are waiting outside the gate.

他们在门外等着。

over 在...之上，遍于...之上，越过...。

There is a light over the desk.

桌子上方有盏灯。

He is over sixty years old.

他有六十多岁。

past 越过...，过...，超越...。

The students walked past the post office.

学生们走过了邮局。

It is ten past two.

现在是两点十分。

round 围着...，绕过...，在...周围。

We sat round the table.

我们围着桌子坐下。

The earth goes round the sun.

地球绕着太阳转。

since 自... 以后，自...以来。

He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.

从他来到大学后，他的英语有了很大进步。

through 经过...，穿过...。

They went through the forest.

他们穿过了森林。

throughout 遍及...，在各处。

The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.

警察搜山寻找犯人。

till 直到...，在...以前。

He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.

他直到十一点钟才回来。

We'll be home till six.

六点以前我们都会在家。

to 到...，向...，趋于。

How long is it from here to the station？

从这儿到车站有多远？

under 在...之下，低于。

There are some footballs under the bed.

床底下有几颗足球。

These students are under seventeen years old.

这些学生们不到十七岁。

until 直到，在...以前，

Please wait for us until we come back.

请等着我们回来。

It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.

直到上周，我才交了数学论文。

up 在...上面，在...上。

He went up the stairs.

他上了楼梯。

upon 在...之上，迫近...。

It's not polite to look down upon him.

蔑视他是不礼貌的。

within 在...之内。

You must finish the work within two weeks.

你必须两周内完成这项工作。

without 没有，不，在...之外。

We can't do it better without your help.

没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。

We couldn't live without air and water.

没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。

Answer 3

楼主要人给你写一本书啊!