第1个回答 2014-08-14
初中非谓语动词句型归纳
一.动词不定式
1.主语+decide(hope,agree,choose,fail,wish,learn等）+to do sth.例如：
I hope to go to school next week.
She agree to get someone to help her.
2.主语+ask(tell,get,wish,like,want,teach,know等）+宾语+to do sth.例如：
He asked me to come here early.
She told us not to worry about her.
3.主语+be+happy(glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready,nice,lucky,等）+to do sth.例如：
I'm glad to see you again.
I'm sorry to hear that.
4.主语+think(make,fine,feel等）+it +形容词（名词）+to do sth.例如：
I found it very important to learn English well.
I think it possible to finish the work this week.
5....too+形容词（副词）+（for sb.)+to do sth.
...+形容词（副词）enough+to do sth. 例如：
The boy is too young to go to school.=
The boy is not old enough to go to school.=
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
6.It's+careful(clever,kind,good,right,wrong等）+of sb.+to do sth.
It's +difficult(easy,hard ,important,interesting等）+for sb.+to do sth.例如：
It's kind of you to help me.
It's hard for you to learn English well.
注意：这两个句型的区别是，当somebody与形容词有逻辑上的主谓关系时用of;当somebody与形容词没有这种关系时用for。
7.It takes sb.some time+to do sth.这个结构中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构。例如：
It took me about three hours to finish my homework yesterday.
注意：表示“花费”的类似句型还有
Sb.spends some time(money) on sth.or(in)doing sth.(某人做什么用了多少时间/某人买什么花了多少钱）；
Sth.costs sb.some money.(买什么花了某人多少钱）；
Sb.pays some money for sth.(某人买什么花了多少钱）
如：I spent an hours on(in doing) my homework.
The pen cost me two yuan.
I paid two yuan for the pen.
8.疑问词+to do sth.例如：
I don't know when to hold the party.
How to do it is still a question.
9.Why+(not)do sth.…,Would (Will)you please (not)do sth.和 had better (not) do sth.例如：Why not go there by bike?
Would you please take me to the park this Sunday?
You'd better not go there by youself.
10.主语+feel(listen to/hear,let/make/have,see/watch/notice/look at/help)+宾语+do sth.例如：He made us work for a long time yesterday.
Who had you be so careless?
注意：hear,see等感觉动词常接doing sth.表示动作发生过程或强调和谓语动作同时发生。如：He saw Tom sitting on some eggs when he went into the room.
I heard her singing a song when I passed her room.
11.主语+like/love/hate/begin/start等+to do sth.(doing sth.) 例如：
Tom likes to ask(asking)some strange questions.
We begin to work(working)at seven every day.
12.主语+remember/forget to do sth.记住（忘记）要做某事（动作还没发生）
主语+remember/forget doing sth.记住（忘记）曾做过某事（动作已发生）
主语+stop to do sth.停下来（正做的事）去做另一件事
主语+stop doing sth.停下正做的事
主语+try to do sth.设法（试图）去做某事
主语+try doing sth.试着做某事 例如：
Don't forget to close the door when you leave.
I forgot taking whose book .
初中英语：非谓语动词
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ... 分词起形容词作用）
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗？
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
1．谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：
1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 （to have a talk.... 不定式作状语）
2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。 （动词用单数第三人称形式）
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。（do 用原形）
非谓语动词的特征：
1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。（studying 后跟宾语）
To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）
2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under
such a condition 是working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）
3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。（to havekept...是不定式的完成形式）
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。（Seen from...是分词的被动形式）
4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.我们的到来使他很高兴。（coming 起名词作用）
There are two big swimming pools here.这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)
3.动 词 不 定 式：
3.1 动词不定式在句子中的作用
动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
3.1.1 动词不定式作主语：
To mast a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
To teach English is my favorite.
教英语是我的爱好。
It's my pleasure to help you.很乐意帮助你。
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help.
你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。
It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。
3.1.2 动词不定式作宾语：
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide,
begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.
What I wish is to learn English well.我所希望的是把英语学好。
I like to help others if I can.如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。
3.1.3 动词不定式作宾语补语 。
We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起。
Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。
3.1.4 动词不定式作表语 ：
What I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。
The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。
3.1.5 动词不定式作定语：
There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。
3.1.6 不定式作状语：
We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。
3.2动词不定式的否定形式：
not + to +动词原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平。
3.3带疑问词的不定式：
疑问词who,what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。
Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知道。
I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始。
Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？
Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎样去车站吗？
3.4带逻辑主语的不定式：
动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是：for + 逻辑主语+ 不定式。
注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式， for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。
It's necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的。
There are much work for me to finish,有许多工作要我去完成。
3.5动词不定式的时态：
动词不定式一般时：表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。
I helped him put the things into the car.我帮助他把东西放进了汽车。
I want to see you again.我想再见到你。
Would you like to have a rest.你愿意休息一下吗？
动词不定式完成时： 表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。
We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.对不起，我们让你久等了。
They seems to have known the answers.他们好像知道了答案。
动词不定式进行时：表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调动作正在进行。
They seem to be working hard.他们好像在努力工作。
3.6动词不定式的被动形式：
表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。
He is the man to be examined.他是受检查的人。
There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。
动名词的几个特殊情况：
1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以， 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。
能跟动名词的动词有：
avoid, consider,delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep,
mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。
能跟不定式的动词有：
decide,desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish,
agree, manage,
能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：
love,like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want,
need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,
动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的， 一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。
I like reading.我喜欢阅读。
He promised to help her.他答应过要帮助她。
We love watching VCD.我们喜欢看VCD。
2)remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作， 后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。
I remember meeting him in the street.我记得在街上见过他。
I remember to write a letter to my parents.我想起来要给我父母亲写信。
3)"stop + 动名词"表示停止动名词所表示的动作，
"stop + 不定式"表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。
Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟 。
Let's stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。
【经典习题与讲解】
1. The first textbooks _______ for teaching
English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having written B. to be written
C.being written D. written
2.—You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.
—Well, now I regret _______ that.
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have done D. having done
3.We agreed _______ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A.having met B.meeting
C. to meet D.to have met
4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him
_______.
A.not to B. not to do
C. not do it D. do not do
5.Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A.learn B. to learn
C. learned D. learning
6._______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A.Losing B. Having lost
C.Lost D. To lost
7.The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A.to eat not B. eating not
C. not to eat D. not eating
8.The Olympic Games, _______ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A.first playing B. to be first played
C.first played D. to be first playing
9.I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A.to go B. to have gone
C.going D. having gone
10.European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes
C.made D. to make
1.D表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作定语。
2.Dregret doing sth 表示对已经发生的事感到“后悔”；regret to say / tell / inform / announce 用以报告令人不快之事，表示对将要说的话感到“遗憾、抱歉”，主语通常是 I / we,regret 用一般现在时。
3.Cagree 只能接不定式，在谓语动之后发生，用一般式，选C。
4.A根据句型 tell sb (not) to do sth，排除C 和 D；当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略 to 后的内容，只保留 to, 所以只有 A 对。
5. B make sb do sth 的被动式为 sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。
6.C考查过去分词作状语。Lost in thought=As he was lost in thought。be lost in thought(沉思)是固定搭配；这类习惯表达还有 be caught in the rain(遭雨淋),be dressed in red(穿着红衣),
be seated(就座)等。
7.C本句是 warn sb (not) to do sth 的被动式。
8.C因 The Olympic games 与 play 是被动关系，排除A 和 D；不定式的被动式，表示未来的动作，排除B。表示“被动、完成”，用过去分词。
9.Bwould love/ like 后面只能接不定式，排除C 和 D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，后接不定式完成式，故选B。
10.A现在分词作结果状语。
限于字数，还有些习题未能列出，如有需要，请提出。望采纳~