谁可以给我“渔樵对话”的翻译文啊?

对不起啊,是我没说清楚,
我想要的是 渔樵问对 的白话文,古文太晦涩了,读不懂,我想看看现代文是什么意思,谢谢大家!

邵雍《渔樵问对》

渔者垂钓于伊水之上。樵者过之,弛担息肩,坐于磐石之上,百问于渔者。

曰:“鱼可钩取乎?”

曰:“然。”

曰:“钩非饵可乎?”

曰:“否。”

曰:“非钩也,饵也。鱼利食而见害,人利鱼而蒙利,其利同也,其害异也。敢问何故?”

渔者曰:“子樵者也,与吾异治,安得侵吾事乎?然亦可以为子试言之。彼之利,犹此之利也;彼之害亦犹此之害也。子知其小,未知其大。鱼之利食,吾亦利乎食也;鱼之害食,吾亦害乎食也。子知鱼终日得食为利,又安知鱼终日不得食为害?如是,则食之害也重,而钩之害也轻。子知吾终日得鱼为利,又安知吾终日不得鱼不为害也?如是,则吾之害也重,鱼之害也轻。以鱼之一身,当人之食,是鱼之害多矣;以人之一身,当鱼之一食,则人之害亦多矣。又安知钓乎大江大海,则无易地之患焉?鱼利乎水,人利乎陆,水与陆异,其利一也;鱼害乎饵,人害乎财,饵与财异,其害一也。又何必分乎彼此哉!子之言,体也,独不知用尔。

樵者又问曰:“鱼可生食乎?”

曰:“烹之可也。”

曰:“必吾薪济子之鱼乎?”

曰:“然。“

曰:“吾知有用乎子矣。”

曰:“然则子知子之薪,能济吾之鱼,不知子之薪所以能济吾之鱼也。薪之能济鱼久矣,不待子而后知。苟世未知火之能用薪,则子之薪虽积丘山,独且奈何哉?”

樵者曰:“愿闻其方。”

曰:“火生于动,水生于静。动静之相生,水火之相息。水火,用也;草木,体也。用生于利,体生于害。利害见乎情,体用隐乎性。一性一情,圣人能成子之薪。犹吾之鱼,微火则皆为腐臭败坏,而无所用矣,又安能养人七尺之躯哉?”

樵者曰:“火之功大于薪,固已知之矣。敢问善灼物,何必待薪而后传?”

曰:“薪,火之体也。火,薪之用也。火无体,待薪然后为体;薪无用,待火然后为用。是故凡有体之物,皆可焚之矣。”

曰:“水有体乎?”

曰:“然。”

曰:“火能焚水乎?“

曰:“火之性,能迎而不能随,故灭。水之体,能随而不能迎,故热,是故有温泉而无寒火,相息之谓也。”

曰:“火之道生于用,亦有体乎?”

曰:“火以用为本,以体为末,故动。水以体为本,以用为末,故静。是火亦有体,水亦有用也。故能相济又能相息,非独水火则然,天下之事皆然。在乎用之何如尔。”

樵者曰:“用可得闻乎?”

曰:“可以意得者,物之性也。可以言传者,物之情也。可以象求者,物之形也。可以数取者,物之体也。用也者,妙万物为言者也,可以意得,而不可以言传。”

曰:“不可以言传,则子恶得而知之乎?”

曰:“吾所以得而知之者,固不能言传,非独吾不能传之以言,圣人亦不能传之以言也。”

曰:“圣人既不能传之以言,则六经非言也耶?”

曰:“时然后言,何言之有?”

樵者赞曰:“天地之道备于人,万物之道备于身,众妙之道备于神,天下之能事毕矣,又何思何虑!吾而今而后,知事心践形之为大。不及子之门,则几至于殆矣。”

乃析薪烹鱼而食之饫,而论《易》。

渔者与樵者游于伊水之上。渔者叹曰:“熙熙乎万物之多,而未始有杂.吾知游乎天地之间,万物皆可以无心而致之矣。非子则孰与归焉?”

樵者曰:“敢问无心致天地万物之方?”

渔者曰:“无心者,无意之谓也。无意之意,不我物也。不我物,然后定能物物。”

曰:“何谓我,何谓物?”

曰:‘以我徇物,则我亦物也;以物徇我,则物亦我也。我物皆致,意由是明。天地亦万物也,何天地之有焉?万物亦天地也,何万物之有焉?万物亦我也,何万物之有焉?我亦万物也,何我之有焉?何物不我?何我不物?如是则可以宰天地,可以司鬼神。而况于人乎?况于物乎?“

樵者问渔者曰:“天何依?”

曰:“依乎地。”

曰:“地何附?”

曰:“附乎天。”

曰:“然则天地何依何附?”

曰:“自相依附。天依形,地附气。其形也有涯,其气也无涯。有无之相生,形气之相息。终则有始,终始之间,其天地之所存乎?天以用为本,以体为末;地以体为本,以用为末。利用出人之谓神,名体有无之谓圣。唯神与圣,能参乎天地者也。小人则日用而不知,故有害生实丧之患也。夫名也者,实之客也;利也者,害之主也。名生于不足,得丧于有余。害生于有余,实丧于不足。此理之常也。养身者必以利,贪夫则以身殉得,故有害生焉。立身必以名,众人则以身殉名,故有实丧焉。窃人之财谓之盗,其始取之也,唯恐其不多也,及其败露也,唯恐其多矣。夫贿之与赃,一物而两名者,利与害故也。窃人之美谓之徼,其始取之也,唯恐其不多也。及其败露,唯恐其多矣。夫誉与毁,一事而两名者,名与实故也。凡言朝者,萃名之地也;市者,聚利之地也。能不以争处乎其间,虽一日九迁,一货十倍,何害生实霄之有耶?是知争也者取利之端也;让也者趋名之本也。利至则害生,名兴则实霄。利至名兴,而无害生实霄之患,唯有德者能之。天依地,地会天,岂相远哉!

渔者谓樵者曰:“天下将治,则人必尚行也;天下将乱,则人必尚言也。尚行,则笃实之风行焉;尚言,则诡谲之风行焉。天下将治,则人必尚义也;天下将乱,则人必尚利也。尚义,则廉让之风行焉;尚利,则攘夺之风行焉。三王,尚行者也;五霸,尚言者也。尚行者必入于义也,尚言者必入于利也。义利之相去,一何如是之远耶?是知言之于口,不若行之于身,行之干身,不若尽之于心。言之于口,人得而闻之,行之于身,人得而见之,尽之干心,神得而知之。人之聪明犹不可欺,况神之聪明乎?是知无愧于口,不若无愧于身,无愧于身,不若无愧于心。无口过易,无身过难,无身过易,无心过难。既无心过,何难之有!吁,安得无心过之人,与之语心哉!”

渔者谓樵者曰:“子知观天地万物之道乎?”

樵者曰:“未也。愿闻其方。”

渔者曰:“夫所以谓之观物者,非以目观之也,非观之以目,而观之以心也;非观之以心,而观之以理也。天下之物,莫不有理焉,莫不有性焉,莫不有命焉。所以谓之理者,穷之而后可知也;所以谓之性者,尽之而后可知也;所似谓之命者,至之而后可知也。此三知也,天下之真知也,虽圣人无以过之也。而过之者,非所以谓之圣人也。夫鉴之所以能为明者,谓其能不隐万物之形也。虽然鉴之能不隐万物之形,未若水之能一万物之形也。虽然水之能一万物之形,又未若圣人之能一万物情也。圣人之所以我一万物之情者,谓其圣人之能反观也。所以谓之反观者,不以我观物也。不以我观物者,以物观物之谓也。又安有我于其间哉?是知我亦人也,人亦我也。我与人皆物也。此所以能用天下之目为己之目,其目无所不观矣。用天下之耳为己之耳,其耳无所不听矣。用天下之口为己之口,其口无所不言矣。用天下之心为己之心,其心无所不某矣。天下之观,其于见也,不亦广乎!天下之听,其于闻也,不亦远乎!天下之言,其于论也,不亦高乎?天下之谋,其于乐也,不亦大乎!夫其见至广,其闻至远,其论至高,其乐至大,能为至广、至远、至高、至大之事,而中无一为焉,岂不谓至神至圣者乎?非唯一时之天下谓之至神奎圣者乎,而千万世之天下谓之至神至圣者乎?非唯一时之天下渭之至神至圣者乎,而千万世之天下谓之至神圣者乎?过此以往,未之或知也已。”

樵者问渔者曰:“子以何道而得鱼?”

曰:“吾以六物具而得鱼。”

曰:“六物具也,岂由天乎?”

曰:“具六物而得鱼者,人也。具六物而所以得鱼者,非人也。”

樵者未达,请问其方。

渔者曰:“六物者,竿也,纶也.浮也,沉也,钩也,饵也。一不具,则鱼不可得。然而六物具而不得鱼者,非人也。六物具而不得鱼者有焉,未有六物不具而得鱼者也。是知具六物者,人也。得鱼与不得鱼,天也。六物不具而不得鱼者,非天也,人也。”

樵者曰:“人有祷鬼神而求福者,福可祷而求耶?求之而可得耶?敢问其所以。”

曰:“语善恶者,人也;福祸者,天也。天道福善而祸淫,鬼神岂能违天乎?自作之咎,固难逃已;天之灾,禳之奚益?修德积善,君子常分。安有余事于其间哉!”

樵者曰:“有为善而遇祸,有为福而获福者,何也?”

渔者曰:“有幸与不幸也。幸不幸,命也;当不当,分也。一命一分,人其逃乎?”

曰:“何谓分?何谓命?”

曰:“小人之遇福,非分也,有命也;当祸,分也,非命也。君子之遇祸,非分也,有命也;当福,分也,非命也。”

渔者谓樵者曰:“人之所谓亲,莫如父子也;人之所渭疏,莫如路人也。利言在心,则父子过路人远矣。父子之道,天生也。利害犹或夺之,况非天必者乎?夫利害之移人,如是之深也,可不慎乎?路人之相逢则过之,固无相害之心焉,无利害在前故也。有利害在前,则路人与父子,又奚择焉?路人之能相交以义,又何况父子之亲乎!夫义者,让之本也;利者,争之端也。 让则有仁,争则有害,仁与害,何相去之远也!尧、舜亦人也。桀、纣亦人也,人与人同而仁与害尔,仁因义而起,害因利而生。利不以义,则臣弑其君者有焉,子弑其父者有焉。岂若路人之相逢,一目而交袂于中逵者哉!”

樵者谓渔者曰:“吾尝负薪矣,举百斤而无伤吾之身,加十斤则遂伤吾之身.敢问何故?”

渔者曰:“樵则吾不知之矣。以吾之事观之,则易地皆然。吾尝钓而得大鱼,与吾交战。欲弃之,则不能舍,欲取之,则未能胜。终日而后获,几有没溺之患矣。非直有身伤之患耶?鱼与薪则二也,其贪而为伤则一也。百斤,力分之内者也,十斤,力分之外者也。力分之外,虽一毫犹且为害,而况十斤乎!吾之贪鱼亦何以异子之贪薪乎!”

樵者叹曰:“吾而今而后,知量力而动者智矣哉!”

樵者谓渔者曰:“子可谓知《易》之道矣。吾也问:《易》有太极,太极何物也?”

曰:“无为之本也。”

曰:“太极生两仪,两仪,天地之谓乎?”

曰:“两仪,天地之祖也,非止为天地而已也。太极分而为二,先得一为一,后得一为二。一二谓两仪。”

曰:“两仪生四象,四象何物也?”

曰:“四象谓阴阳刚柔。有阴阳然后可以生天,有刚柔然后可以生地。立功之本,于斯为极。”

曰:“四象生八卦,八卦何谓也?”

曰:“谓乾、坤、离、坎、兑、良、震、巽之谓也。迭相盛衰终始于其间矣。因而重之,则六十四卦由是而生也,而《易》之道始备矣。”

樵者问渔者曰:“复何以见天地之心乎?”

曰:“先阳已尽,后阳始生,则天地始生之际。中则当日月始周之际,末则当星辰始终之际。万物死生,寒署代谢,昼夜变迁,非此无以见之。当天地穷极之所必变,变则通,通则久,故《象》言‘先王以至日闭关,商旅不行,后不省方’,顺天故也。”

樵者谓渔者曰:“无妄,灾也。敢问何故?”

曰:“则欺他,得之必有祸,斯有妄也.顺天而动,有祸及者,非祸也,灾也。犹农有思丰而不勤稼稿者,其荒也,不亦祸乎?农有勤稼穑而复败诸水旱者,其荒也,不亦灾乎?故《象》言‘先

王以茂对时育万物’,贵不妄也。”

樵者问曰:“姤,何也?”

曰:“姤,遇也。柔遇刚也,与夬正反。夬始逼壮,姤始遇壮,阴始遇阳,故称姤焉。观其姤,天地之心,亦可见矣。圣人以德化及此,网有不昌。故《象》言‘后以施命诰四方’,履霜之慎,其在此也。”

渔者谓樵者曰:“春为阳始,夏为阳极,秋为阴始,冬为阴极。阳则温,阳极则热;阴始则凉,阴极则寒。温则生物,热则长物,凉则收物,寒则杀物。皆一气别而为四焉。其生万物也亦然。”

樵者问渔者曰:“人之所以能灵于万物者,何以知其然耶?”

渔者对曰:“人之所以能灵于万物者,谓其目能收万物之色,耳能收万物之声,鼻能收万物之气,口能收万物之味。声色气味者,万物之体也。目耳口鼻者,万人之用也。体无定用,惟变是用。用无定体,惟化是体。体用交而人物之道于是乎备矣。然则天亦物也,圣亦人也。有一物之物,有十物之物,有百物之物,有千物之物,有万物之物,有亿物之物,有兆物之物。为兆物之物,岂非人乎!有一人之人,有十人之人,有百人之人,有千人之人,有万人之人,有亿人之人,有兆人之人。为兆人之人,岂非圣乎!是知人也者,物之至者也。圣也者,人之至者也。物之至者始得谓之物之物也。人之至者始得谓之人之人也。夫物之物者,至物之谓也。人之人者,至人之谓也。以一至物而当一至人,则非圣人而何?人谓之不圣,则吾不信也。何哉?谓其能以一心观万心,一身观万身,一物观万物,一世观万世者焉。又谓其能以心代天意,口代天言,手代天功,身代天事者焉。又谓其能以上顺天时,下应地理,中徇物情,通尽人事者焉。又谓其能以弥纶天地,出入造化,进退今古,表里时事者焉。噫,圣人者,非世世而效圣焉。吾不得而目见之也。虽然吾不得而目见之,察其心,观其迹,探其体,潜其用,虽亿万千年亦可以理知之也。人或告我曰:‘天地之外,别有天地万物,异乎此天地万物。’则吾不得而知之也。非唯吾不得而知之也,圣人亦不得而知之也。凡言知者,谓其心得而知之也。言言者,谓其口得而言之也。既心尚不得而知之,口又恶得而言之乎?以不可得知而知之,是谓妄知也。以不可得言而言之,是谓妄言也。吾又安能从妄人而行妄知妄言者乎!

渔者谓樵者曰:“仲尼有言曰:殷因于夏礼,所捐益可知也;周因于殷礼所捐益可知也。其或继周者,虽百世可知也。夫如是,则何止于百世而已哉!亿千万世,皆可得而知之也。人皆知仲尼之为仲尼,不知仲尼之所以为仲尼,不欲知仲尼之所以为仲尼则已,如其必欲知仲尼之所以为仲尼,则舍天地将奚之焉?人皆知天地之为天地,不知天地之所以为天地。不欲知天地之所以为天地则已,如其必欲知天地之所以为天地,则舍动静将奚之焉?夫一动一静者,天地至妙者欤?夫一动一静之间者,天地人至妙至妙者欤?是知仲尼之所以能尽三才之道者,谓其行无辙迹也。故有言曰:‘予欲无言’,又曰:‘天何言哉!四时行焉,百物生焉。’其此之谓与?”

渔者谓樵者曰:“大哉!权之与变乎?非圣人无以尽之。变然后知天地之消长,权然后知天下之轻重。消长,时也;轻重,事也。时有否泰,事有损益。圣人不知随时否泰之道,奚由知变之所为乎?圣人不知随时损益之道,奚由知权之所为乎?运消长者,变也;处轻重者,权也。是知权之与变,圣人之一道耳。”

樵者问渔者曰:“人谓死而有知,有诸?”

曰:“有之。”

曰:“何以知其然?”

曰:“以人知之。”

曰:“何者谓之人?”

曰:“目耳鼻口心胆脾肾之气全,谓之人。心之灵曰神,胆之灵曰魄,脾之灵曰魂,肾之灵曰精。心之神发乎目,则谓之视;肾之精发乎耳,则谓之听;脾之魂发乎鼻,则谓之臭;胆之魄发乎口,则谓之言。八者具备,然后谓之人。夫人也者,天地万物之秀气也。然而亦有不中者,各求其类也。若全得人类,则谓之曰全人之人。夫全类者,天地万物之中气也,谓之日全德之人

也。全德之人者,人之人者也。夫人之人者,仁人之谓也。唯全人,然后能当之。人之生也,谓其气行,人之死也,谓其形返。气行则神魂交,形返则精魄存。神行于天,精魄返于地。行于天,则渭之曰阳行;返于地,则谓之曰阴返。阳行则昼见而夜伏者也�阴返则夜见而昼伏者也。是故,知日者月之形也,月者日之影也。阳者阴之形也,阴者阳之影也。人者鬼之形也,鬼者人之影也。人谓鬼无形而无知者,吾不信也。”

樵者问渔者曰:“小人可绝乎?”

曰: “不可。君子禀阳正气而生,小人禀阴邪气而生。无阴则阳不成,无小人则君子亦不成,唯以盛衰乎其间也。阳六分,则阴四分;阴六分,则阳四分。阳阴相半,则各五分矣。由是知君子小人之时有盛衰也。治世则君子六分。君子六分,则小人四分,小人固不能胜君子矣。乱世则反是,君君,臣臣,父父,子子,兄兄,弟弟,夫夫,妇妇,谓各安其分也。君不君,臣不臣,父不父,子不子,兄不兄,弟不弟,夫不夫,妇不妇,谓各失其分也。此则由世治世乱使之然也。君子常行胜言,小人常言胜行。故世治则笃实之士多,世乱则缘饰之士从。笃实鲜不成事,缘饰鲜不败事。成多国兴,败多国亡。家亦由是而兴亡也。夫兴家与兴国之人,与亡国亡家之人,相去一何远哉!”

樵者问渔者曰:“人所谓才者,有利焉,有害焉者,何也?”

渔者曰:“才一也,利害二也。有才之正者,有才之不正者。才之正者,利乎人而及乎身者也;才之不正者,利乎身而害乎人者也。”

曰:“不正,则安得谓之才?”

曰:“人所不能而能之,安得不谓之才?圣人所以异乎才之难者,谓其能成天下之事而归之正者寡也。若不能归之以正,才则才矣,难乎语其仁也。譬犹药疗疾也,毒药亦有时而用也,可一而不可再也,疾愈则速已,不已则杀人矣。平药则常常日用之可也,重疾非所以能治也。能驱重疾而无害人之毒者,古今人所谓良药也。《易》曰:‘大君有命,开国承家,小人勿用。’如是,则小人亦有时而用之。时平治定,用之则否。《诗》云:‘它山之石,可以攻玉。’其小人之才乎!”

樵者谓渔者曰:“国家之兴亡,与夫才之邪正,则固得闻命矣。然则何不择其人而用之?”

渔者曰:“择臣者,君也;择君者,臣也。贤愚各从其类而为。奈何有尧舜之君,必有尧舜之臣;有桀纣之君,而必有桀纣之臣。尧舜之臣,生乎桀纣之世,桀纣之臣,生于尧舜之世,必非其所用也。虽欲为祸为福,其能行乎?夫上之所好,下必好之。其若影响,岂待驱率百然耶?上好义,则下必好义,而不义者远矣;上好利,下必好利,而不利者远矣。好利者众,则天下日削矣;好义者众,则天下日盛矣。日盛则昌,日削则亡。盛之与削,昌之与亡,岂其远乎?在上之所好耳。夫治世何尝无小人,乱世何尝无君子,不用则善恶何由而行也。”

樵者曰:“善人常寡,而不善人常众;;治世常少,乱世常多,何以知其然耶?”

曰:“观之于物,何物不然?譬诸五谷,耘之而不苗者有矣。蓬莠不耘而犹生,耘之而求其尽也,亦未如之何矣!由是知君子小人之道,有自来矣。君子见善则嘉之,见不善则远之;小人见善则疾之,见不善则嘉之。善恶各人其类也。君子见善则就之,见不善则违之;小人见善则违之,见不善则就之。君子见义则迁,见利则止;小人见义则止,见利则迁。迁义则利人,迁利则害人。利人与害人,相去一何远耶?家与国一也,其兴也,君子常多而小人常鲜;其亡也小人常多而君子常鲜。君子多而去之者,小人也;小人多而去之者,君子也。君子好生,小人好杀。好生则世治,好杀则世乱。君子好义,小人好利。治世则好义, 乱世则好利。其理一也。”

钓者谈已,樵者曰:“吾闻古有伏羲,今日如睹其面焉。”拜而谢之,及旦而去。

整理者按:

程颢为邵雍所作《墓志铭》中有“有《问》有《观》”一句,《观》指《观物篇》,《问》则似指《渔樵问对》。又《朱子语类》卷一百有“康节《渔樵问对》、《无名公序》是一两篇书,次第将来刊成一集”之语录。还有“天何依?曰,依乎地。地何附?曰,附乎天。天地何所依附?曰,自相依附。天依形,地依气。所以重复而言不出此意者,惟恐人于天地之外别寻去处故也”、“康节说得那‘天依地,地附天,天地自相依附。天依形,地附气’底几句,向尝以此数语附于《通书》之后”二条语录,卷一百十五又记:“旧尝见《渔樵问对》,问:‘天何依?’曰:‘依乎地。’‘地何附?’曰:‘附乎天。’‘天地何所依附?’曰:‘天依形,地附气。其形远有涯,其气也无涯。’意者当时所言,不过如此。某尝欲注此语于《遗事》之下,钦夫不许。细思无有出是说者。因问:‘向得此书,而或者以为非康节所著。’先生曰:‘其间尽有好处,非康节不能著也。’”。则知朱熹当时以《渔樵问对》为邵子书。《宋史·邵雍传》亦谓邵雍有《渔樵问对》之著作。至《四库全书总目》却将两江总督采进之一卷本《渔樵对问》(作“对问”)归入“儒家类存目一”,提要曰:“旧本题宋邵子撰。晁公武《读书志》又作张子,刘安上集中亦载之。三人时代相接,未详孰是也。其书设为问答,以发明义理……书中所论,大抵习见之谈,或后人摭其绪论为之,如《二程遗书》不尽出于口授欤?”

今以是书内容与《观物内篇》对照之,可知:“天下将治……安得无心过之人而与之语心哉”之240字为《观物内篇》第七篇中文字;“夫所以谓之观物者……过此以往未之或知之也”之488字为《观物内篇》第十二篇中文字;“谓其目能收万物之色……唩又安能从妄人而行妄知妄言者乎”之540字为《观物内篇》第二篇中文字;“仲尼曰……谓其行无辙迹也”之215字《观物内篇》第五篇中文字。四处合计直接引用《观物内篇》1483字。黄百家于《宋元学案·百源学案》中评价此书曰,“去其浮词并与《观物篇》重出者”,录存不足二千字。如果再去其与《伊川击壤集》重出者,则所余余无几。可见,《渔樵问对》一书是与邵雍《观物内篇》及《伊川击壤集》关系极为密切之书。从其手笔言词来看,似不出于邵雍。《黄氏日钞》云:“《伊川至论》第八卷载《渔樵问对》,盖世传以为康节书者。不知何为亦剿入其中?近世昭德先生晁氏《读书记》疑此书为康节子伯温所作。”(见《宋元学案·百源学案》)如果说《渔樵问对》是邵伯温“得家庭之说而附益之”,的确有可能。然而近人余嘉锡于《四库提要辩证》中引朱熹说,又力主《渔樵问对》“真邵子所作矣”。
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第1个回答  2013-05-08
渔者垂钓于伊水之边。有一樵者路过放下柴担休息坐在大石头上问鱼者“能钓到鱼吗” 答“能。” 问“鱼钩上不放鱼饵能钓到吗” 答“不能。” 问“钓到鱼不是鱼钩而是鱼饵可见鱼因吃食而受害人因吃鱼而受利都是因吃其利一样而结果不一样。请问这是为什么” 渔者说“你是打柴的与我工作不一样又怎么能知道我的事呢然而我可以给你解释一下。鱼的利和我的利是一样的鱼的害和我的害也是一样的。你只知其一未知其二。鱼受利于食我也受利于食鱼受害于食我也受害于食。你只知鱼终日有食吃而为利又怎知鱼若终日无食吃而为害呢如此食物的害处太重了而钓鱼的害处却轻了。你只知我终日钓到鱼而为利又怎知我若终日钓不到鱼而为害呢如此我受到害太重了而鱼受到的害却轻了。若以鱼为本人吃了鱼则鱼受到了伤害若以人为本以鱼为食人无食吃则人受到了伤害。更何况在大江大海里钓鱼又是多么的危险鱼生活在水里人生活在陆地水与陆地不同其利益一样。鱼受害于饵人受害于财饵与财不同其害处一样又何必分彼此呢你说的只是事物的本质而不知事物的变化。
樵者又问“鱼能生吃吗” 答“煮熟之后可以吃。” 问“那必然用我的柴煮你的鱼了” 答“当然。” 问“那我知道了我的柴因你的鱼而发生了变化。” 答“你知道你的柴能煮我的鱼可你不知道你的柴为什么能煮我的鱼。用柴煮鱼的方法早就有了在你之前人们就知道可世人却不知道柴的作用是火。如果没有火你的柴就是堆积如山又有何用呢。” 樵者“愿意听你说其中的道理。” 渔者“火生于动水生于静。动静相生水火相息。水火为用草木为体。用生于利体生于害。利与害表现在感情上体与用隐藏于性情中。一明一暗只有圣人才懂柴与火的道理。就像我的鱼没有火烧煮直到腐臭烂掉也不能吃又怎能养人身体呢”
樵者问“火的功能大于柴我已经知道了。那为什么易燃物还要柴引燃呢” 答“柴是火的本体火是柴的作用。火本无体通过柴燃烧后才有体。柴本无作用待火烧起后才为有用。因此凡是有体的物体都可以燃烧。” 问“水有体吗” 答“有。” 问“水能燃烧” 答“火的性质遇水后能与之对立而不能与之相随所以灭了。水的性质遇火后能与之相随而不能与之相对立所以热了。因此有热水而无凉火是因为水火相息的原因。” 问“火的功能来于用它有体吗 答“火以用为始以体为终所以火是动的。水以体为始以用为终所以水是静的。因此火有体水有用二者既相济又相息。不止水火天下的事物都如此就在于你如何应用。
问“如何应用呢” 答“通过意识得到的是事物的本性通过语言传授的是事物的外在表现通过眼睛观察的是事物的形状通过数量计算的是事物的多少。如何应用阐述万物的奥妙只可意会而不能言传。” 问“不可以言传你又如何知道的” 答“我之所以知道我就不是言传得到的并非我一人不能言传圣人也不能用语言来传授。” 问“圣人都不能用语言来传授那六经不是语言传授的” 答“那是后人编的圣人又说了什么” 樵者闻听赞叹说“天地的道理具备于人万物的道理具备于身变化的道理具备于神天下的各种道理都具备了还有什么可思虑的我从今天开始才知道事物的变化如此之大还没有入门真是白活了。” 于是樵者解开柴生火煮鱼。二人吃饱了后而论《易》
渔、樵二人游玩于伊水之上。渔者感叹说“世上万物之多纷杂繁乱。我知道游戏于天地之间万物都以无心来了解。并非像你熟悉的那样简单。” 问“请问如何以无心来了解万物” 答“无心就是无意无意就是不把我与物分开然后物物相通。” 问“什么是我什么是物” 答“以万物为标准则我也是物。以我为标准则万物也是我。我与物一样则道理简单明了。天地也是万物万物也是天地我也是万物万物也是我我与万物之间可以相互转换。如此可以主宰天地号令鬼神。更何况于人何况于物”
问“天依靠什么” 答“天依靠于地。” 问“地依赖于什么” 答“地依赖于天。” 问“那天地又依附于什么” 答“相互依附。天依靠于地形地依赖于天气。其地形有边涯其天气无边际。有与无相生形与气相息。天与地就存在于终始之间。天以它的作用为主形体为次地以它的形体为主作用为次。作用的表现称作神形体的有无称作圣。只有神和圣才能领悟天地的变化。平民百姓天天应用而不明白所以有灾害产生利益丧失。名誉是次要的利益才是害人的主体。名誉产生于不知足利益丧失于有余。危害产生于有余实际丧失于不知足。这些都是常理。生活于世必须有物质故贪婪的人时时寻找利益因此有危害产生。想出人头地必须出名故世人都争强好胜因此有东西丧失。窃人财物称之为盗。偷盗之时唯恐东西偷的少等到败露后又恐东西多定罪大。受贿与收贿都是一种物品可却是两种名称是因为利与害的不同。窃人物品时存在侥幸心理偷时嫌少逮时嫌多。名誉的兴与毁虽然是一件事可却有两种结果是因为得到或丧失的不同大机关事业单位是出名的地方集贸市场是聚利的地方能不以争名夺利的心态居其中虽然一日官升三级获利百倍又怎能伤害得了你呢因此争名是夺利的开始。礼让才是取名的根本。利益到来则危害产生名扬天下则实物丧失。利益到来又名扬天下而且无祸害相随只有重德者才能达到。天依靠于地地依赖于天其中的含义多么深远”
渔者说“天下将要治理的时候人民必然崇尚行动天下将要叛乱的时候人民必然崇尚言论。崇尚行动则诚实之风盛行崇尚言论则诡诈之风盛行。天下将要治理的时候人民必然崇尚仁义天下将要叛乱的时候人民必然崇尚利益。崇尚仁义则谦虚之风盛行崇尚利益则争夺之风盛行。三王时代人民崇尚行动五霸时代人民崇尚言论。崇尚行动必注重于仁义崇尚言论必注重于利益。仁义与利益相比相差的有多么远所以言出于口不如行之于身行之于身不如尽之于心。言论出于口人得以听到行动在于身体人得以见到尽职于心神得以知道。人的聪明不可以欺骗更何况神的聪明因此无愧于口不如无愧于身无愧于身不如无愧于心。无愧于身比无愧于口难无愧于心比无愧于身难。如果内心都无过错还有什么灾难唉那里找无心过的人与之交心谈畅”
渔者问“你知道观察天地万物的道理吗” 樵者“不知道。愿听你讲。” 渔者说“所谓观物并非以眼观物而是以心观物再进一步说以理观物。天下万物的存在都有它的道理、本性和命运。所以以理观物研究以后可以知道以本性观物观察以后可以知道以命观物推算以后可以知道。此三知才是天下的真知就连圣人也无法超过。超出此三知也就不能称为圣人。鉴别万物而能成为明白的人是因为能不隐瞒万物的形状虽然能鉴别而不隐瞒万物的形状但不如水能化成万物的形状虽然水能化成万物的形状又不如圣人能模仿万物的性情。圣人之所以能模仿万物的性情在于圣人能反观其物。所谓反观其物就是不以我观物。不以我观物而是以物观物。既然以物观物我又怎么会在俩物之间呢因此我也是人人也是我我与人都是物。这样才能用天下人的目为我目则无所不见用天下人的耳为我耳则无所不闻用天下人的口为我口则无所不言用天下人的心为我心则无所不谋。如此观天下所见多么广阔所闻多么深远所论多么精辟所谋多么详密如此所见至广所闻至远所论至精所谋至密其中无一不明岂不是至神至圣并非我一人称为至神至圣而是天下的人都称之为至神至圣。并非一时天下人称之为至神至圣几千万年以后天下人仍称之为至神至圣。长此以往都是如此。”
樵者问渔者“ 你如何钓到鱼” 答“我用六种物具钓到鱼。” 问“六物具备就能钓到鱼吗” 答“六物具备而钓上鱼是人力所为。六物具备而钓不上鱼非人力所为。” 樵者不明白请问其中的道理。 渔者说“六物鱼杆、鱼线、鱼漂、鱼坠、鱼钩、鱼饵。有一样不具备则钓不上鱼。然而有六物具备而钓不上鱼的时候这不是人的原因。有六物具备而钓不上鱼的时候但没有六物不具备而钓上鱼的时候。因此具备六物是人力。钓上钓不上鱼是天意。六物不具备而钓不上鱼不是天意是人力
樵者问“有人祈祷鬼神而求福福可以求到吗” 答“言行善恶是人的因素福与祸是天的结果。天的规律福善祸灾鬼神岂能违背自己做的坏事岂能逃避。上天降下的灾祸祈祷又有什么用修德积善是君子的本分。这样做就不会有灾祸来找” 问“有行善的而遇祸有行恶的而获福。为什么” 答“这是有幸与不幸之分。幸与不幸是命。遇与不遇是分。命与分人怎么能逃避” 问“什么是分什么是命” 答“坏人遇福不是分是命遇祸是分不是命。好人遇祸是命不是分遇福是分不是命。” 渔者对樵者说“人与人的亲情莫过于父子人与人的疏远莫过于路人如果利与害在心里父子之间就会像路人一样远父子之间的亲情属于天性利与害都能夺掉更何况不是天性的利与害祸人如此之深不能不谨慎路人相遇一过了之并无相害之心是因为没有利与害的关系。若有利与害的关系路人与路人、父与子之间又如何选择呢路人若能以义相交又何况父子之亲呢所谓义是谦让之本。而利益是争夺之端。谦让则有仁义争夺则有危害。仁义与危害相去甚远。尧、舜是人桀、纣也是人。人与人同而仁义与危害却不同。仁慈因义气而起危害因利益而生。利益不会因义气而争夺否则不会有臣杀君、子杀父之事。路人相逢也不可能因一眼而情投意合。
樵者问渔者“我经常扛柴扛一百斤也伤不了我再加十斤就伤了我为什么” 渔者答“扛柴我不清楚。以我钓鱼之事论之其理一样。我经常钓到大鱼与我较量。欲弃之不舍得欲钓取又不容易。很长时间才能钓上来有好几次溺水的危险。这不也是伤身的忧患钓鱼与扛柴虽不一样但因贪而受伤则无两样。一百斤力所能及再加十斤则在你力所之外。力所之外加一毫都是有害何况十斤我贪鱼又何异于你贪柴呢” 樵者感叹道“从今以后我知道做事量力而行才是有智慧的
第2个回答  2007-05-17
“渔樵对话”的翻译文?

你们真是太历害了!

是要英文的吗?应该不是吧!!
那是要中文的对吧,
偶帮你翻翻!!嘿嘿!!

渔者垂钓于伊水之上。樵者过之,弛担息肩,坐于磐石之上,百问于渔者。

曰:“鱼可钩取乎?”

曰:“然。”

曰:“钩非饵可乎?”

曰:“否。”

曰:“非钩也,饵也。鱼利食而见害,人利鱼而蒙利,其利同也,其害异也。敢问何故?”

渔者曰:“子樵者也,与吾异治,安得侵吾事乎?然亦可以为子试言之。彼之利,犹此之利也;彼之害亦犹此之害也。子知其小,未知其大。鱼之利食,吾亦利乎食也;鱼之害食,吾亦害乎食也。子知鱼终日得食为利,又安知鱼终日不得食为害?如是,则食之害也重,而钩之害也轻。子知吾终日得鱼为利,又安知吾终日不得鱼不为害也?如是,则吾之害也重,鱼之害也轻。以鱼之一身,当人之食,是鱼之害多矣;以人之一身,当鱼之一食,则人之害亦多矣。又安知钓乎大江大海,则无易地之患焉?鱼利乎水,人利乎陆,水与陆异,其利一也;鱼害乎饵,人害乎财,饵与财异,其害一也。又何必分乎彼此哉!子之言,体也,独不知用尔。

樵者又问曰:“鱼可生食乎?”

曰:“烹之可也。”

曰:“必吾薪济子之鱼乎?”

曰:“然。“

曰:“吾知有用乎子矣。”

曰:“然则子知子之薪,能济吾之鱼,不知子之薪所以能济吾之鱼也。薪之能济鱼久矣,不待子而后知。苟世未知火之能用薪,则子之薪虽积丘山,独且奈何哉?”

樵者曰:“愿闻其方。”

曰:“火生于动,水生于静。动静之相生,水火之相息。水火,用也;草木,体也。用生于利,体生于害。利害见乎情,体用隐乎性。一性一情,圣人能成子之薪。犹吾之鱼,微火则皆为腐臭败坏,而无所用矣,又安能养人七尺之躯哉?”

樵者曰:“火之功大于薪,固已知之矣。敢问善灼物,何必待薪而后传?”

曰:“薪,火之体也。火,薪之用也。火无体,待薪然后为体;薪无用,待火然后为用。是故凡有体之物,皆可焚之矣。”

曰:“水有体乎?”

曰:“然。”

曰:“火能焚水乎?“

曰:“火之性,能迎而不能随,故灭。水之体,能随而不能迎,故热,是故有温泉而无寒火,相息之谓也。”

曰:“火之道生于用,亦有体乎?”

曰:“火以用为本,以体为末,故动。水以体为本,以用为末,故静。是火亦有体,水亦有用也。故能相济又能相息,非独水火则然,天下之事皆然。在乎用之何如尔。”

樵者曰:“用可得闻乎?”

曰:“可以意得者,物之性也。可以言传者,物之情也。可以象求者,物之形也。可以数取者,物之体也。用也者,妙万物为言者也,可以意得,而不可以言传。”

曰:“不可以言传,则子恶得而知之乎?”

曰:“吾所以得而知之者,固不能言传,非独吾不能传之以言,圣人亦不能传之以言也。”

曰:“圣人既不能传之以言,则六经非言也耶?”

曰:“时然后言,何言之有?”

樵者赞曰:“天地之道备于人,万物之道备于身,众妙之道备于神,天下之能事毕矣,又何思何虑!吾而今而后,知事心践形之为大。不及子之门,则几至于殆矣。”

乃析薪烹鱼而食之饫,而论《易》。

渔者与樵者游于伊水之上。渔者叹曰:“熙熙乎万物之多,而未始有杂.吾知游乎天地之间,万物皆可以无心而致之矣。非子则孰与归焉?”

樵者曰:“敢问无心致天地万物之方?”

渔者曰:“无心者,无意之谓也。无意之意,不我物也。不我物,然后定能物物。”

曰:“何谓我,何谓物?”

曰:‘以我徇物,则我亦物也;以物徇我,则物亦我也。我物皆致,意由是明。天地亦万物也,何天地之有焉?万物亦天地也,何万物之有焉?万物亦我也,何万物之有焉?我亦万物也,何我之有焉?何物不我?何我不物?如是则可以宰天地,可以司鬼神。而况于人乎?况于物乎?“

樵者问渔者曰:“天何依?”

曰:“依乎地。”

曰:“地何附?”

曰:“附乎天。”

曰:“然则天地何依何附?”

曰:“自相依附。天依形,地附气。其形也有涯,其气也无涯。有无之相生,形气之相息。终则有始,终始之间,其天地之所存乎?天以用为本,以体为末;地以体为本,以用为末。利用出人之谓神,名体有无之谓圣。唯神与圣,能参乎天地者也。小人则日用而不知,故有害生实丧之患也。夫名也者,实之客也;利也者,害之主也。名生于不足,得丧于有余。害生于有余,实丧于不足。此理之常也。养身者必以利,贪夫则以身殉得,故有害生焉。立身必以名,众人则以身殉名,故有实丧焉。窃人之财谓之盗,其始取之也,唯恐其不多也,及其败露也,唯恐其多矣。夫贿之与赃,一物而两名者,利与害故也。窃人之美谓之徼,其始取之也,唯恐其不多也。及其败露,唯恐其多矣。夫誉与毁,一事而两名者,名与实故也。凡言朝者,萃名之地也;市者,聚利之地也。能不以争处乎其间,虽一日九迁,一货十倍,何害生实霄之有耶?是知争也者取利之端也;让也者趋名之本也。利至则害生,名兴则实霄。利至名兴,而无害生实霄之患,唯有德者能之。天依地,地会天,岂相远哉!

渔者谓樵者曰:“天下将治,则人必尚行也;天下将乱,则人必尚言也。尚行,则笃实之风行焉;尚言,则诡谲之风行焉。天下将治,则人必尚义也;天下将乱,则人必尚利也。尚义,则廉让之风行焉;尚利,则攘夺之风行焉。三王,尚行者也;五霸,尚言者也。尚行者必入于义也,尚言者必入于利也。义利之相去,一何如是之远耶?是知言之于口,不若行之于身,行之干身,不若尽之于心。言之于口,人得而闻之,行之于身,人得而见之,尽之干心,神得而知之。人之聪明犹不可欺,况神之聪明乎?是知无愧于口,不若无愧于身,无愧于身,不若无愧于心。无口过易,无身过难,无身过易,无心过难。既无心过,何难之有!吁,安得无心过之人,与之语心哉!”

渔者谓樵者曰:“子知观天地万物之道乎?”

樵者曰:“未也。愿闻其方。”

渔者曰:“夫所以谓之观物者,非以目观之也,非观之以目,而观之以心也;非观之以心,而观之以理也。天下之物,莫不有理焉,莫不有性焉,莫不有命焉。所以谓之理者,穷之而后可知也;所以谓之性者,尽之而后可知也;所似谓之命者,至之而后可知也。此三知也,天下之真知也,虽圣人无以过之也。而过之者,非所以谓之圣人也。夫鉴之所以能为明者,谓其能不隐万物之形也。虽然鉴之能不隐万物之形,未若水之能一万物之形也。虽然水之能一万物之形,又未若圣人之能一万物情也。圣人之所以我一万物之情者,谓其圣人之能反观也。所以谓之反观者,不以我观物也。不以我观物者,以物观物之谓也。又安有我于其间哉?是知我亦人也,人亦我也。我与人皆物也。此所以能用天下之目为己之目,其目无所不观矣。用天下之耳为己之耳,其耳无所不听矣。用天下之口为己之口,其口无所不言矣。用天下之心为己之心,其心无所不某矣。天下之观,其于见也,不亦广乎!天下之听,其于闻也,不亦远乎!天下之言,其于论也,不亦高乎?天下之谋,其于乐也,不亦大乎!夫其见至广,其闻至远,其论至高,其乐至大,能为至广、至远、至高、至大之事,而中无一为焉,岂不谓至神至圣者乎?非唯一时之天下谓之至神奎圣者乎,而千万世之天下谓之至神至圣者乎?非唯一时之天下渭之至神至圣者乎,而千万世之天下谓之至神圣者乎?过此以往,未之或知也已。”

樵者问渔者曰:“子以何道而得鱼?”

曰:“吾以六物具而得鱼。”

曰:“六物具也,岂由天乎?”

曰:“具六物而得鱼者,人也。具六物而所以得鱼者,非人也。”

樵者未达,请问其方。

渔者曰:“六物者,竿也,纶也.浮也,沉也,钩也,饵也。一不具,则鱼不可得。然而六物具而不得鱼者,非人也。六物具而不得鱼者有焉,未有六物不具而得鱼者也。是知具六物者,人也。得鱼与不得鱼,天也。六物不具而不得鱼者,非天也,人也。”

樵者曰:“人有祷鬼神而求福者,福可祷而求耶?求之而可得耶?敢问其所以。”

曰:“语善恶者,人也;福祸者,天也。天道福善而祸淫,鬼神岂能违天乎?自作之咎,固难逃已;天之灾,禳之奚益?修德积善,君子常分。安有余事于其间哉!”

樵者曰:“有为善而遇祸,有为福而获福者,何也?”

渔者曰:“有幸与不幸也。幸不幸,命也;当不当,分也。一命一分,人其逃乎?”

曰:“何谓分?何谓命?”

曰:“小人之遇福,非分也,有命也;当祸,分也,非命也。君子之遇祸,非分也,有命也;当福,分也,非命也。”

渔者谓樵者曰:“人之所谓亲,莫如父子也;人之所渭疏,莫如路人也。利言在心,则父子过路人远矣。父子之道,天生也。利害犹或夺之,况非天必者乎?夫利害之移人,如是之深也,可不慎乎?路人之相逢则过之,固无相害之心焉,无利害在前故也。有利害在前,则路人与父子,又奚择焉?路人之能相交以义,又何况父子之亲乎!夫义者,让之本也;利者,争之端也。 让则有仁,争则有害,仁与害,何相去之远也!尧、舜亦人也。桀、纣亦人也,人与人同而仁与害尔,仁因义而起,害因利而生。利不以义,则臣弑其君者有焉,子弑其父者有焉。岂若路人之相逢,一目而交袂于中逵者哉!”

樵者谓渔者曰:“吾尝负薪矣,举百斤而无伤吾之身,加十斤则遂伤吾之身.敢问何故?”

渔者曰:“樵则吾不知之矣。以吾之事观之,则易地皆然。吾尝钓而得大鱼,与吾交战。欲弃之,则不能舍,欲取之,则未能胜。终日而后获,几有没溺之患矣。非直有身伤之患耶?鱼与薪则二也,其贪而为伤则一也。百斤,力分之内者也,十斤,力分之外者也。力分之外,虽一毫犹且为害,而况十斤乎!吾之贪鱼亦何以异子之贪薪乎!”

樵者叹曰:“吾而今而后,知量力而动者智矣哉!”

樵者谓渔者曰:“子可谓知《易》之道矣。吾也问:《易》有太极,太极何物也?”

曰:“无为之本也。”

曰:“太极生两仪,两仪,天地之谓乎?”

曰:“两仪,天地之祖也,非止为天地而已也。太极分而为二,先得一为一,后得一为二。一二谓两仪。”

曰:“两仪生四象,四象何物也?”

曰:“四象谓阴阳刚柔。有阴阳然后可以生天,有刚柔然后可以生地。立功之本,于斯为极。”

曰:“四象生八卦,八卦何谓也?”

曰:“谓乾、坤、离、坎、兑、良、震、巽之谓也。迭相盛衰终始于其间矣。因而重之,则六十四卦由是而生也,而《易》之道始备矣。”

樵者问渔者曰:“复何以见天地之心乎?”

曰:“先阳已尽,后阳始生,则天地始生之际。中则当日月始周之际,末则当星辰始终之际。万物死生,寒署代谢,昼夜变迁,非此无以见之。当天地穷极之所必变,变则通,通则久,故《象》言‘先王以至日闭关,商旅不行,后不省方’,顺天故也。”

樵者谓渔者曰:“无妄,灾也。敢问何故?”

曰:“则欺他,得之必有祸,斯有妄也.顺天而动,有祸及者,非祸也,灾也。犹农有思丰而不勤稼稿者,其荒也,不亦祸乎?农有勤稼穑而复败诸水旱者,其荒也,不亦灾乎?故《象》言‘先

王以茂对时育万物’,贵不妄也。”

樵者问曰:“姤,何也?”

曰:“姤,遇也。柔遇刚也,与夬正反。夬始逼壮,姤始遇壮,阴始遇阳,故称姤焉。观其姤,天地之心,亦可见矣。圣人以德化及此,网有不昌。故《象》言‘后以施命诰四方’,履霜之慎,其在此也。”

渔者谓樵者曰:“春为阳始,夏为阳极,秋为阴始,冬为阴极。阳则温,阳极则热;阴始则凉,阴极则寒。温则生物,热则长物,凉则收物,寒则杀物。皆一气别而为四焉。其生万物也亦然。”

樵者问渔者曰:“人之所以能灵于万物者,何以知其然耶?”

渔者对曰:“人之所以能灵于万物者,谓其目能收万物之色,耳能收万物之声,鼻能收万物之气,口能收万物之味。声色气味者,万物之体也。目耳口鼻者,万人之用也。体无定用,惟变是用。用无定体,惟化是体。体用交而人物之道于是乎备矣。然则天亦物也,圣亦人也。有一物之物,有十物之物,有百物之物,有千物之物,有万物之物,有亿物之物,有兆物之物。为兆物之物,岂非人乎!有一人之人,有十人之人,有百人之人,有千人之人,有万人之人,有亿人之人,有兆人之人。为兆人之人,岂非圣乎!是知人也者,物之至者也。圣也者,人之至者也。物之至者始得谓之物之物也。人之至者始得谓之人之人也。夫物之物者,至物之谓也。人之人者,至人之谓也。以一至物而当一至人,则非圣人而何?人谓之不圣,则吾不信也。何哉?谓其能以一心观万心,一身观万身,一物观万物,一世观万世者焉。又谓其能以心代天意,口代天言,手代天功,身代天事者焉。又谓其能以上顺天时,下应地理,中徇物情,通尽人事者焉。又谓其能以弥纶天地,出入造化,进退今古,表里时事者焉。噫,圣人者,非世世而效圣焉。吾不得而目见之也。虽然吾不得而目见之,察其心,观其迹,探其体,潜其用,虽亿万千年亦可以理知之也。人或告我曰:‘天地之外,别有天地万物,异乎此天地万物。’则吾不得而知之也。非唯吾不得而知之也,圣人亦不得而知之也。凡言知者,谓其心得而知之也。言言者,谓其口得而言之也。既心尚不得而知之,口又恶得而言之乎?以不可得知而知之,是谓妄知也。以不可得言而言之,是谓妄言也。吾又安能从妄人而行妄知妄言者乎!

渔者谓樵者曰:“仲尼有言曰:殷因于夏礼,所捐益可知也;周因于殷礼所捐益可知也。其或继周者,虽百世可知也。夫如是,则何止于百世而已哉!亿千万世,皆可得而知之也。人皆知仲尼之为仲尼,不知仲尼之所以为仲尼,不欲知仲尼之所以为仲尼则已,如其必欲知仲尼之所以为仲尼,则舍天地将奚之焉?人皆知天地之为天地,不知天地之所以为天地。不欲知天地之所以为天地则已,如其必欲知天地之所以为天地,则舍动静将奚之焉?夫一动一静者,天地至妙者欤?夫一动一静之间者,天地人至妙至妙者欤?是知仲尼之所以能尽三才之道者,谓其行无辙迹也。故有言曰:‘予欲无言’,又曰:‘天何言哉!四时行焉,百物生焉。’其此之谓与?”

渔者谓樵者曰:“大哉!权之与变乎?非圣人无以尽之。变然后知天地之消长,权然后知天下之轻重。消长,时也;轻重,事也。时有否泰,事有损益。圣人不知随时否泰之道,奚由知变之所为乎?圣人不知随时损益之道,奚由知权之所为乎?运消长者,变也;处轻重者,权也。是知权之与变,圣人之一道耳。”

樵者问渔者曰:“人谓死而有知,有诸?”

曰:“有之。”

曰:“何以知其然?”

曰:“以人知之。”

曰:“何者谓之人?”

曰:“目耳鼻口心胆脾肾之气全,谓之人。心之灵曰神,胆之灵曰魄,脾之灵曰魂,肾之灵曰精。心之神发乎目,则谓之视;肾之精发乎耳,则谓之听;脾之魂发乎鼻,则谓之臭;胆之魄发乎口,则谓之言。八者具备,然后谓之人。夫人也者,天地万物之秀气也。然而亦有不中者,各求其类也。若全得人类,则谓之曰全人之人。夫全类者,天地万物之中气也,谓之日全德之人

也。全德之人者,人之人者也。夫人之人者,仁人之谓也。唯全人,然后能当之。人之生也,谓其气行,人之死也,谓其形返。气行则神魂交,形返则精魄存。神行于天,精魄返于地。行于天,则渭之曰阳行;返于地,则谓之曰阴返。阳行则昼见而夜伏者也�阴返则夜见而昼伏者也。是故,知日者月之形也,月者日之影也。阳者阴之形也,阴者阳之影也。人者鬼之形也,鬼者人之影也。人谓鬼无形而无知者,吾不信也。”

樵者问渔者曰:“小人可绝乎?”

曰: “不可。君子禀阳正气而生,小人禀阴邪气而生。无阴则阳不成,无小人则君子亦不成,唯以盛衰乎其间也。阳六分,则阴四分;阴六分,则阳四分。阳阴相半,则各五分矣。由是知君子小人之时有盛衰也。治世则君子六分。君子六分,则小人四分,小人固不能胜君子矣。乱世则反是,君君,臣臣,父父,子子,兄兄,弟弟,夫夫,妇妇,谓各安其分也。君不君,臣不臣,父不父,子不子,兄不兄,弟不弟,夫不夫,妇不妇,谓各失其分也。此则由世治世乱使之然也。君子常行胜言,小人常言胜行。故世治则笃实之士多,世乱则缘饰之士从。笃实鲜不成事,缘饰鲜不败事。成多国兴,败多国亡。家亦由是而兴亡也。夫兴家与兴国之人,与亡国亡家之人,相去一何远哉!”

樵者问渔者曰:“人所谓才者,有利焉,有害焉者,何也?”

渔者曰:“才一也,利害二也。有才之正者,有才之不正者。才之正者,利乎人而及乎身者也;才之不正者,利乎身而害乎人者也。”

曰:“不正,则安得谓之才?”

曰:“人所不能而能之,安得不谓之才?圣人所以异乎才之难者,谓其能成天下之事而归之正者寡也。若不能归之以正,才则才矣,难乎语其仁也。譬犹药疗疾也,毒药亦有时而用也,可一而不可再也,疾愈则速已,不已则杀人矣。平药则常常日用之可也,重疾非所以能治也。能驱重疾而无害人之毒者,古今人所谓良药也。《易》曰:‘大君有命,开国承家,小人勿用。’如是,则小人亦有时而用之。时平治定,用之则否。《诗》云:‘它山之石,可以攻玉。’其小人之才乎!”

樵者谓渔者曰:“国家之兴亡,与夫才之邪正,则固得闻命矣。然则何不择其人而用之?”

渔者曰:“择臣者,君也;择君者,臣也。贤愚各从其类而为。奈何有尧舜之君,必有尧舜之臣;有桀纣之君,而必有桀纣之臣。尧舜之臣,生乎桀纣之世,桀纣之臣,生于尧舜之世,必非其所用也。虽欲为祸为福,其能行乎?夫上之所好,下必好之。其若影响,岂待驱率百然耶?上好义,则下必好义,而不义者远矣;上好利,下必好利,而不利者远矣。好利者众,则天下日削矣;好义者众,则天下日盛矣。日盛则昌,日削则亡。盛之与削,昌之与亡,岂其远乎?在上之所好耳。夫治世何尝无小人,乱世何尝无君子,不用则善恶何由而行也。”

樵者曰:“善人常寡,而不善人常众;;治世常少,乱世常多,何以知其然耶?”

曰:“观之于物,何物不然?譬诸五谷,耘之而不苗者有矣。蓬莠不耘而犹生,耘之而求其尽也,亦未如之何矣!由是知君子小人之道,有自来矣。君子见善则嘉之,见不善则远之;小人见善则疾之,见不善则嘉之。善恶各人其类也。君子见善则就之,见不善则违之;小人见善则违之,见不善则就之。君子见义则迁,见利则止;小人见义则止,见利则迁。迁义则利人,迁利则害人。利人与害人,相去一何远耶?家与国一也,其兴也,君子常多而小人常鲜;其亡也小人常多而君子常鲜。君子多而去之者,小人也;小人多而去之者,君子也。君子好生,小人好杀。好生则世治,好杀则世乱。君子好义,小人好利。治世则好义, 乱世则好利。其理一也。”

钓者谈已,樵者曰:“吾闻古有伏羲,今日如睹其面焉。”拜而谢之,及旦而去。

参考资料:http://cn8fit.blog.hexun.com/111149_d.html

第3个回答  2007-05-15
The fishing angles for fish in the 伊 water on.樵 Lead it, the 弛 load interest shoulder, sit in the huge rock on, 100 ask in the fishing.

曰 :"The fish can hook to take?"

曰 :"However."

曰 :"The hook non- bait can?"

曰 :"Deny."

曰 :"Hook not also, the bait is also.The fish benefit food and see harm, person the benefit fish and receive benefit, its benefit together also, it harms a difference also.Dare to ask why?"

The fishing 曰 :"the son 樵 also cure with my difference, Anne have to invade my matter?However may also thinks the son tries speech it.That its benefit, still this it the benefit is also;That it harm as well still this it harm also.The son know it is small, didn't know it is big.The benefit food of the fish, I am a benefit as well the food is also;The fish harms a food, I also harm the food is also.The son know the fish has to eat for the benefit all day long, again does Anne know the fish can not eat to do ill all day long?Like this, then eat it to harm also heavy, and hook it harm also lightly.The son know I get the fish as benefit all day long, again Anne know I am all day long can not the fish not do ill also?Like this, then I it harm also heavy, the fish harm also lightly.Be the person's food with the whole body of the fish, is a fish, it harm and have another 矣 ;Be one of the fishs food with the person's whole body, then person it harms many 矣s as well.And then Anne know to snare the big river ocean, then have no easily it to suffer from how?The fish benefit water, person's benefit six, water with six difference, its benefit an also;The fish harm bait, the person harm wealth, the bait and the wealth difference, it harm an also.Divide why the need for again each other 哉 !The speech of the son, the body also doesn't know to use 尔 only.

The 樵 asks 曰 again:"the fish can living food?"

曰 :"Boil it and can be also."

曰 :"Necessarily the fish of my salary 济 son?"

曰 :"However."

曰 :"I know useful son 矣 ."

曰 :"But the son know the salary of the son, the ability 济 my its fish, don't know the salary of the son so the ability 济 I it the fish is also.The ability 济 fish of the salary long 矣 , don't need son to know and then.The 苟 a life time didn't know fire of can use a salary, then although the salary of the son accumulate the 丘 mountain, only and what then 哉 ?"

The 樵曰 :"wish to smell its square."

曰 :"The fire was born in to move, the water was born in quiet.The action livings mutually, the water fire is an interest mutually.The water fire, use also;Plant, the body is also.Use to was born in benefit, the body was born in to harm.The gains and losses see feeling, the body uses 隐 sex.One sex is one feeling, the sage can become the salary of the son.Still my its fish, does the tiny fire then all is smelly for 腐 to corrupt, but has no the 矣 use, keep person's seven 躯哉 of the Chinese foots how can again?"

The 樵曰 :"the 功 of the fire is big in the salary, solid have already know of 矣 .Dare to ask well the 灼 thing, need a salary why the need for to spread and then?"

曰 :"Salary, the body of the fire is also.Fire, the salary use also.The fire has no body, needing a salary then ising a body;The salary is useless, needing fire then for use.BE past any thing that has a body, all can the 矣 of the 焚 ."

曰 :"The water have a body?"

曰 :"However."

曰 :"The fire ability 焚 water?"

曰 :"Sex of the fire, can face but can't with, so put out.The body of the water, ability with and can't face, past hot, is past have hot springs and have no cold fire, mutually interest it call also."

曰 :"The way of the fire was born in to use, also having a body?"

曰 :"The fire take use as origin, taking body as an end, so moving.The water takes body as origin, taking use as an end, past quiet.BE a fire to also has a body, the water is as well useful also.The past ability is a 济 is again mutually mutually interest, not only the water fire is then however, the matter of the world is all like this.The care about uses it why not 尔 ."

The 樵曰 :"use and can get to smell?"

曰 :"Can get by idea, sex of the thing is also.Can the one who talk to spread, the feeling of the thing is also.Can beg by elephant, the form of the thing is also.Can the one who count to take, the body of the thing is also.Use also, the wonderful creation is a speech also, can with idea get, but can't talk to spread."

曰 :"Can't talk to spread, the son then is bad to get but know it?"

曰 :"I so get and the one who know it, solid can't talk to spread, not only I can't spread it with the speech, the sage can't spread, either it with talk also."

曰 :"Sage since can't spread it with the speech, then six through talk not also?"

曰 :"Hour then talk, HE2 YAN2 does it have?"

The 樵 great 曰 :"the way of the world have in the person, the way of the creation have in body, many wonderful ways have in absolute being, world of ability matter finish 矣 , again HE2 SI HE2 虑 !I from now on, know the matter heart 践 form, it is big.The door of the can not compare with son, several then as for 殆矣 ."

Is the 析 salary to boil the 饫 of the fish but food, but theory 《easy 》.

The fishing and 樵 swims in the 伊 water on.The fishing sighs 曰 :"the 熙熙 many creation, but start miscellaneous.I know to swim of the world, the creation all can be not intentional but with the result that its 矣 .Then non- son which with return how?"

The 樵曰 :"dare to ask not intentional with the result that the square of the world creation?"

The fishing 曰 :"not intentional, not intentional of call also.Not intentional of idea, not my thing is also.Not my thing, then settle an ability everything."

曰 :"What is meant by me, what is meant by a thing?"

曰 :'With my 徇 thing, then I am a thing also is also;With the thing 徇 I, the thing then is as well I am also.My thing all with the result that, idea from is clear.World as well creation also, world have how?Creation as well world also, creation have how?Creation as well I also, creation have how?I as well creation also, HE2 WO3 it have how?HE2 WU4 isn't I?Is HE2 WO3 a thing not?Like this then can kill world, can take charge of ghost absolute being.But condition in person?Condition in thing?"

The 樵 asks the fishing 曰 :"day HE2 YI?"

曰 :"Depend on ground."

曰 :"Ground HE2 FU4?"

曰 :"Attach day."

曰 :"But does the world depend on HE2 FU4?"

曰 :"From depend on mutually.The day depends on a form, the ground attaches spirit.Its form also has 涯 , its spirit is also limitless.Have no it livings mutually, form spirit it mutually interest.Then had already started eventually, start eventually, its world of save?The day takes use as origin, taking body as an end;The ground takes body as origin, taking use as an end.Make use of a person, it calls absolute being, the body had no it to call saint.Only the absolute being and saint, ability three world is also.Mean person the day then uses and don'ts know, past harmful living solid 丧 , it suffer from also.The man is also, solid of the guest is also;Benefit also, harm of the lord is also.Was born in shortage, getting 丧 in the enough to spare.Harm to was born in enough to spare, solid 丧 in shortage.This reason is often also.Keep the body necessarily for the convenience of, be greedy for man to then be get with the body 殉 , past harmful living how.Sign a body necessarily with, public with the body 殉 , so have solid 丧 how.The thief whom the 窃 person's wealth call, it starts to take it also, only and perhaps it not much also, and it leaks out also, only and perhaps it is many 矣s.The man 贿 it and 赃 , one thing and two, benefit with harm past also.窃 The beautiful person call of 徼 , it starts to take it also, only and perhaps it isn't much also.And it leaks out, only and perhaps it is many 矣s.The man 誉 with ruin, one matter and two, with actually past also.Any one who talk dynasty, the ground of the 萃 is also;The city, gather the ground of the benefit also.Can not with contend for place in the interval, although on first nine move, one goods decuple, HE2 HAI4 SHENG solid 霄 it have?BE know contending for also takes benefit, it carry also;Let also tend of originally also.The benefit goes to then harm to living, the 兴 is a solid 霄 then.The benefit goes to a 兴 , but harmless living solid 霄 , it suffer from, only a good liver ability it.The day depends on ground, ground meeting day, mutually far 哉 !

The fishing calls 樵曰 :"The world will cure, then the person goes necessarily and still also;World disorderly, then the person talks necessarily and still also.Go still, the honest in character then populars how;Talk still, strange and changeful then of popular how.The world will cure, then the person is a righteousness is also necessarily and still;World disorderly, then the person is a benefit is also necessarily and still.Still righteousness, the 廉 then lets it popular how;Still benefit, then the 攘夺 it popular how.Three kings, go still also;Five 霸s, talk still also.Go still to go into necessarily in the righteousness also talk still necessarily go into is also in the benefit.The righteousness benefit go mutually, a is it why not far?BE know speech in, not if go it in the body, dry body go, not if exhausted of in heart.Speech it in, person get but smell it, go it in body, person get but see it, exhausted of dry heart, absolute being get but know it.The person's cleverness is still can't deceit, the cleverness of the condition absolute being?BE know to have a clear conscience in, not if have a clear conscience in the body, have a clear conscience in the body, not if have a clear conscience in the heart.Have no lead easily, have no body lead difficult, had no body to lead easily, not intentional lead difficult.Since not intentional lead, HE2 NAN2 of have!Urge, Anne get not intentional lead of person, with it language heart 哉 !"

The fishing calls the 樵曰 :"the son know the way of the view world creation?"

The 樵曰 :"be not also.The wish smells its square."

The fishing 曰 :"Man so call of the view thing, not the eyes view is also, non- view with eyes, and view the heart is also;Non- view with heart, and view with manage also.The thing of the world, have a reason might it not be how, have sex might it not be how, have a life might it not be how.So reason call, poor of can know and then also;So sex call, exhausted of can know and then also;Life call, go to it and can know and then also.This three know also, world of really know also, although the sage have no with lead it also.And the one who lead it, not so call of the sage is also.The man 鉴 of so the ability is clear, call it can not the form of the 隐 creation is also.Although the ability of the 鉴 is the form of the 隐 creation not, don't if the ability of the water 10,000 form of the things is also.Although the ability of the water is 10,000 form of the things, again don't if sage of ability 10,000 thing feeling is also.Sage of so I am 10,000 feeling of the things, calling its sage of can look back also.So call it to look back, not my view thing is also.Not with my view thing, is call with the thing view thing also.And then does Anne have me in the in the interval 哉 ?Know I am a person to also be also, the person is as well I am also.I am and person all the thing is also.Therefore can use the eyes of the eyes for oneself of the world, its eyes have no not view 矣 .Use the ear of the ear for oneself of the world, its ear have no do not hear 矣 .Use of of the world for oneself, its have no do not talk 矣 .Use the heart of the heart for oneself of the world, its heart has no the not some 矣 .The view of the world, it in see also, not as well wide!The world hear, it in smell also, not as well far!The speech of the world, it is also in the theory, not as well high?The world strive for, it is also in the joy, not as well big!Man it see to wide, it smell to far, it talk about to high, it enjoy to go to greatly, ability is go to widely,go to far,go to high,go to big of matter, but medium none is how, do not call to the absolute being most Sage Master?Not- unique world of the hour calls it to the absolute being 奎 saint, but the world of the ten million a life time call it is most Sage Master to the absolute being?Not- unique world 渭 of hour it is most Sage Master to the absolute being, but the world of the ten million a life time call it to sacred?Lead this former, don't it or know also already."

The 樵 asks the fishing 曰 :"son with HE2 DAO4 but get fish?"

曰 :"I am have with six things but get fish."

曰 :"Six things have also, from day?"

曰 :"Have six things and get the fish, the person is also.Have six things and so get the fish, the non- person is also."

The 樵 reached, please ask its square.

The fishing 曰 :"six thing, the 竿 is also, the 纶 is also.Float also, sink also, hook also, the bait is also.While don't have, the fish then can't get.However six things have and can not the fish, the non- person is also.Six things have and can not the fish have how, didn't have six things and do not have and do not get the fish also.BE know to have six things, the person is also.Get fish with can not fish, the day is also.Six things have and can not the fish, the non- day is also, the person is also."

The 樵曰 :"the person have the 祷 ghost absolute being but beg the blessing, blessing can 祷 but beg?Beg it but can get?Dare to ask it so."

曰 :"The language good and evil, the person is also;The blessing disaster, the day is also.The God's way blessing well but the disaster 淫 , the ghost absolute being disobey a day how could?From 咎 make, solid difficult escape already;The disaster of the day, the 奚 benefit of the 禳 ?Fix virtuous accumulate well, the gentleman often divides.Anne enough matter in in the interval 哉 !"

The 樵曰 :"capable well and meet a disaster, capable blessing and meet with the blessing, is also?"

Fishing 曰 :"be lucky with have the misfortune to also.The 幸 is unfortunate, the life is also;When not appropriate, divide also.One life penny, the person escape?"

曰 :"What is meant by a cent?What is meant by a life?"

曰 :"The mean person meet blessing, improper also have a life also;When disaster, divide also, the non- life is also.The gentleman meets a disaster, improper also have a life also;When blessing, divide also, the non- life is also."

The fishing calls the 樵曰 :"so-called and close person, if 莫 the father and son is also;Person of the 渭疏 , if 莫 the stranger is also.The benefit speech is in the heart, then the father and son passer far 矣 .The way of the father and son, naturally also.The gains and losses is still or 夺 it, the non- day of condition is necessarily?The man gains and losses move a person, like this it is deeply also, can immodesty?The stranger meets to then lead it mutually, solid have no to harm mutually of heart how, have no gains and losses fore past also.Beneficial harm fore, then the stranger and father and son, again the 奚 choose how?Stranger of can hand over mutually with the righteousness, again besides father and son of kiss!The man righteousness, let it originally also;The benefit, contend for it to carry also. Let to there is 仁 then, contend for harmful then, 仁 with harm, mutually go to it far also!The 尧 ,舜 is a person also is also.桀 ,纣 As well person also, person and person together but 仁 with harm 尔 , the 仁 rises because of righteousness, harming to living because of benefit.Benefit not with righteousness, the minister 弑 its gentleman then has how, the son 弑 its father have how.If the stranger meet mutually, one eyes but hand over 袂 in medium 逵哉 !"

The 樵 calls the fishing 曰 :"I taste negative salary 矣 , raise 100 catties of but not hurt my its body, add ten catties of then hence harm me of body.Dare to ask why?"

The fishing 曰 :"樵 I then know of 矣 .With I its matter view, then easily and all like this.I taste to snare but get big fish, and my belligerence.The desire leaves it, then can't give up, the desire takes it, then can not win.Get all day long and and then, several have no 溺 it suffers from 矣 .Keep not pregnant harm it to suffer from?The fish and salary then two also, it be greedy for and is harm then an also.100 catty, dint cent inside is also, ten catty, dint the cent outside is also.The cent of the dint outside, although ten cents still and do ill, but condition ten!I it is greedy for fish why different son to also be greedy for a salary!"

The 樵 sighs 曰 :"I from now on, know the quantity dint but move 智矣哉 !"

The 樵 calls the fishing 曰 :"the son knows it may be said 《easy 》of way 矣 .I also ask:《Easy 》have too very and too very HE2 WU4 is also?"

曰 :"Have no is it originally also."

曰 :"Too very living heaven and earth, heaven and earth, the world call?"

曰 :"Heaven and earth, the 祖 of the world also is a world not only just also.Too very divide but is two, get first an is a, empress get an is two.12 call heaven and earth."

曰 :"The heaven and earth living four elephants, four elephant be HE2 WU4 also?"

曰 :"Four elephants called just yin and yang be soft.Have yin and yang then can living a day, is soft just then can living ground.Have a great achievement it originally, in 斯 is pole."

曰 :"Four elephants living a gossip, the gossip what is meant by also?"

曰 :"Call 乾 ,坤 ,leave,axe,exchange,good,shake,巽 it call also.迭 Mutually the rise and fall begins from in the interval 矣 eventually.As a result heavy of, then 64 卦s from is and living also, but 《easy 》of the way start to have 矣 ."

The 樵 asks the fishing 曰 :"reply why heart of see the world?"

曰 :"First the sun is exhausted already, empress the sun start to living, the world then starts to living a moment.Medium the month starts for a week, moment on that day, the end then is stars always a moment.The creation dead living, cold office metabolism, change day and night, not this has no to see it.On that day destitute of change necessarily, become then, the general rule is long, past 《elephant 》speech'the royal ancestors close the border by going to a day, company the trip go, empress not province square', agreeable day past also."

The 樵 calls the fishing 曰 :"have no wildly, the disaster is also.Dare to ask why?"

曰 :"Then deceit he, get it to have a disaster necessarily, the 斯 has wildly also.Agreeable day and move, there are the disaster and, the non- disaster is also, the disaster is also.Still the agriculture has already think plentiful and not frequently the 稼 draft, its 荒 is also, not as well disaster?The agriculture has frequently the 稼穑 and replies to hurt the various water drought, its 荒 is also, not as well disaster?Past 《elephant 》speech'first

King with luxuriant teach creation to the hours', expensive not wildly also."

The 樵 asks 曰 :"姤 , is also?"

曰 :"姤 , Meet also.Soft meet just also be positive and negative with 夬 .The 夬 starts to force to strengthen, the 姤 starts to meet strong, the 阴 starts to meet sun, so call 姤 how.The view its 姤 , the heart of the world, sees 矣 may also.Sage with virtuous turn and this, the net hasn't 昌 .Past 《elephant 》speech'empress SHI MING4 GAO4 is everywhere', the 履 frost it carefully, it is here also."

The fishing calls the 樵曰 :"the spring starts for the sun, the summer is an anode, the autumn starts for the 阴 , the winter is a cathode.Sun then, the anode then is hot;The 阴 start cool then, the cathode then is cold.Then living creature, hot long thing, cool then accept a thing, cold then kill a thing.All a spirit don't but is four how.It livings creation also too."

The 樵 asks fishing 曰 :"Person of so can the one who is work properly in creation, know it why however?"

The fishing to 曰 :"Person of so can the one who is work properly in creation, call its eyes can accept the color of
第4个回答  2007-05-18
晕~~人家楼主要的是现代白话文的翻译,上面的也太强了~~~
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