第1个回答 2022-10-06
薯条是一种把马铃薯切成条状后油炸而成的食品，是最常见的快餐食品之一，流行于美国及欧洲等地。也有工业化生产的薯条是由打碎的马铃薯泥压制成条状再油炸的。
自制薯条一般是将薯条放入190-200摄氏度的热油中炸至金黄而成，大多数餐馆的薯条则是先用175度左右的油炸，在薯条还未变黄前取出放凉，再用190-200度的热油炸约一分钟即成。
History
Many possible claims as to the origin of "French fries" exist.
[edit] Culinary origin of the term
The straightforward explanation of the term "French fried potatoes" is that it me "potatoes fried in the French manner": the verb fry can mean either sautéing or deep-fat frying, while French 'frire' unambiguously me deep frying. Thomas Jefferson, famous for serving French dishes, referred to fried potatoes in this way.[1]
It is sometimes suggested that the verb "to french" originally meant to julienne-cut.[2] But this term refers specifically to trimming the meat off the shanks of chops[3] and is not attested until after "French fried potatoes" had appeared.
,参考: *** ,随着炸薯条的风靡全球，土豆这种大地对人类的恩赐，最终透过工业式的农业转变为人类健康和环境的恶梦。
炸薯条的发明起源于法国或比利时，两国尚存歧见。总之，在1830年左右，炸薯条已经风靡欧洲。据说，第一次世界大战后，曾在欧洲参战的美国老兵把吃薯条的习惯带回美国。随着麦当劳等连锁店相继开业，进一步拓宽了炸薯条的市场。在美国，4个主要的土豆品种生长在72%的土豆地上。
今日，典型的美国人每人每年进食约30磅的炸薯条，当中九成都是在快餐连锁店消费。
配合工业式农业满足市场需求、追求丰产、统一品质保证、以利益为原则的要求，基因技术近二十多年来泛滥于世界农产品市场，可消费者的知情权却从未得到保障。像由美国Monsanto公司开发的转基因土豆品种Burbank，据说在每个土豆的细胞中都具有防虫害基因，面对这种未经标签的转基因农产品，每一个热爱土豆食品的人，都要被迫处于不受防的位置了。,Many possible claims as to the origin of "French fries" exist.
[edit] Culinary origin of the term
The straightforward explanation of the term "French fried potatoes" is that it me "potatoes fried in the French manner": the verb fry can mean either sautéing or deep-fat frying, while French 'frire' unambiguously me deep frying. Thomas Jefferson, famous for serving French dishes, referred to fried potatoes in this way.[1]
It is sometimes suggested that the verb "to french" originally meant to julienne-cut.[2] But this term refers specifically to trimming the meat off the shanks of chops[3] and is not attested until after "French fried potatoes" had appeared.
[edit] Belgium
The Belgi are noted for claiming that French fries are Belgian in origin, but have presented no definitive evidence. Whether they were invented in Belgium or elsewhere, they quickly became Belgium's national dish, making Belgi at least their "symbolic" creators in Europe as well as their heaviest consumers,[citation needed] spending an average of €6.01 annually (2002, consumption in fast food restaurants not counted separately).[4]
Jo Gerard, a Belgian historian, recounts that potatoes were already fried in 1680, in the area of "the Meuse valley beeen Dinant and Liège, Belgium. The poor inhabitants of this region allegedly had the custom of acpanying their meals with *** all fried fish, but when the river was frozen and they were unable to fish, they cut potatoes lengthwise and fried them in oil to acpany their meals."[5]
The name 'frite' lends itself to puns with the name 'Fritz'. In 1857, the newspaper "Courrier de Verviers" devotes an article to Fritz, a Belgian entrepreneur selling French fries at fairs, calling him "le roi des pommes de terre frites". In 1862 a fries shack (Frietkot, see below) called "Max en Fritz" was established near Het Steen in Anerp.[6]
Another Belgian legend claims that the term "French" was introduced when English soldiers arrived in Belgium during World War I, and consequently tasted Belgian fries. The supposedly called them "French" because the official language of the Belgian army at that time was French.[7][8] This story is of course impossible since the term "French fried potatoes" was in mon use long before the War.
[edit] France
Many attribute the dish to France—though in France they are often thought of as Belgian—and offer as evidence a notation by U.S. President Thomas Jefferson. "Potatoes deep-fried while raw, in *** all slices" are noted in a manuscript in Thomas Jefferson's hand (circa 1801) and the recipe almost certainly es from his French chef, Honoré Julien. In addition, from 1813[9] on recipes for what can be described as "French fries" occur in popular American cookbooks. Recipes for fried potatoes in French cookbooks date back at least to Menon's Les soupers de la cour (1755). Eliza Warren's cookbook The economical cookery book for housewives, cooks, and maids-of-all-work, with hints to the mistress and servant used the term "French fried potatoes" in around 1856.[10]
It is true that eating potatoes was promoted in France by Parmentier, but he did not mention fried potatoes in particular. And the name of the dish in languages other than English does not refer to France; indeed, in French, they are simply called "pommes de terres frites" or, more monly, simply "pomme frites" or "frites".
During the controversy over Freedom Fries, French people from around the world repeated the story that the food was actually Belgian, or at least, a Belgian speciality.
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,参考: en. *** /wiki/French_Fries,