定语从句文言文

如题所述

第1个回答  2022-10-12

1. 文言文中什么是定语从句

{从句确实是英语里面的额}

最佳答案 检举定语后置 现代汉语里,定语一般都放在中心词的前面,起修饰限制的作用。但在古代汉语里,为了突出和强调定语,有时也会把定语放在中心词之后,这种情况叫做“定语后置”。译成现代汉语时,一般都应提到中心词前边来。另外,定语后置时,往往在中心词和定语之间加“之”子,有时也在定语后面加“者”字。 1.用“者”结句,形成“中心词+后置定语+者” 如:楼上的例子 (司马迁《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》) “可使报秦者”是“人”的定语 2.用"之"结句,“中心词+之+后置定语”的形式。 如:“其嵌然相累而下者,若牛马之饮于溪;其冲然角列而上者,若熊罴之登于山。”(《钴姆潭西小丘记》) 3.用“者”又用“之”。 如:“中心词+之+后置定语+者”的形式。如“石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也。”(苏轼《石钟山记》)等。 “蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强。”(荀子《劝学》) “定语后置”的三种形式,但在一个具体的语言环境中切不可简单地“对号入座”,而应从句子词语间的结构关系上进行深入思考,特别是要认真分析“者”的词性和作用,否则极易出现错误。

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2. 文言文中什么是定语从句

检举定语后置 现代汉语里,定语一般都放在中心词的前面,起修饰限制的作用.但在古代汉语里,为了突出和强调定语,有时也会把定语放在中心词之后,这种情况叫做“定语后置”.译成现代汉语时,一般都应提到中心词前边来.另外,定语后置时,往往在中心词和定语之间加“之”子,有时也在定语后面加“者”字.1.用“者”结句,形成“中心词+后置定语+者” 如:楼上的例子 (司马迁《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》) “可使报秦者”是“人”的定语 2.用"之"结句,“中心词+之+后置定语”的形式.如:“其嵌然相累而下者,若牛马之饮于溪;其冲然角列而上者,若熊罴之登于山.”(《钴姆潭西小丘记》) 3.用“者”又用“之”.如:“中心词+之+后置定语+者”的形式.如“石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也.”(苏轼《石钟山记》)等.“蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强.”(荀子《劝学》) “定语后置”的三种形式,但在一个具体的语言环境中切不可简单地“对号入座”,而应从句子词语间的结构关系上进行深入思考,特别是要认真分析“者”的词性和作用,否则极易出现错误.。

3. 文言文中,宾语从句和定语从句的句式是怎样的呢

因为这个也就是“因此”的意思了,而古人把“因为这个”的“这个”放到前面去了,这就是典型的状语后置,你可以试着翻译,青色出来从蓝色里却胜过比蓝,是不是不符合我们平时说话的习惯?所以呢,这里的“于”分别解释为从XXX,比XXX。

“是”是这的意思 一字一句地翻译:这因为必得躬历山川? 简直是狗屁不通?因为必得躬历山川?很显然是说不通的 那么就是“是”了 ,给点辛苦费呗。,所以就叫状语后置定语后置 通俗讲一下 例如,正常的是不是这样的呢?但是古人却把于蓝这个“状语”部分放到后面去了:我打你 “你”在这句话中作宾语成分 你可以想象“你”如果再后置 放到什么地方呢,那么你也就不难判别这些特殊句式了.宾语前置 记住一定是前置 不可能是后置 例如,在中文里同样适用,所以你会看见把定语放到修饰的事物后面了,所以叫定语后置,这里的吾之胖的之就是定语后置的标志,所以你今后在学习中一定要注意虚词“之”,“于”之类,判断它们前后的词语的词性,凭借XXX,定语你可能在英语中已经知道是作为修饰成分的:胖胖的我翻译为古文为胖吾(囧),而有些古文里面会说成吾之胖,怎么样,例如:青出于蓝而胜于蓝:状语后置 定语后置 宾语前置状语后置 在文言文中状语常翻译为用XXX,比XXX所谓宾语从句 是跟在动词之后的句式 可以联系英语中语法知识理解为v.+clause.定语从句呢 可以理解为用于修饰主句的短句 可以凭借自己的语感来判定 一般可以寻找形容词adj来判别而后置句呢 我想你的意思是想要了解如何判断倒装句倒装句高中常见的有,也就是传说的宾语前置码这么多字,这样就通顺多了。

为了符合说话习惯,我们便可以把它修改一下语序:青于蓝出而于蓝胜,怎么符合现代人的口味呢------因为这个必得躬历山川?例如:是以必得躬历山川 这里的“是以” “以”是“因为”的意思 那么因为什么呢。

4. 高中语文文言文句式,像那种什么宾语从句,定语从句

高中语文文言文句式中,没有宾语从句、定语从句的概念,从句是英语的概念,不是汉语的概念。文言句式中,有宾语前置、定语后置。

正常的语序,宾语应该在句子谓语或者介宾短语中介词的后面,文言中为了强调宾语,把它提前到谓语或者介词的前面,形成了宾语前置。例如:

1、我退而楚还,我将何求?(《城濮之战》)(何,作为宾语放在谓语“求”的前面)

2、沛公安在?(《史记•项羽本纪》)(安,作为宾语放在了谓语“在”的前面)

3、许子奚为不自织?(《孟子 许行)(奚,作为介词“为”的宾语,放在了前面)

正常情况下,定语是放在中心词前面的。如果放在中心词的后面,就形成了定语后置。例如:

1、楚人有涉江者。(《吕氏春秋 察今》(有涉江者,是“楚人”的定语,放在中心词的后面,翻译成现代汉语时,要把其顺序调整过来:有一个渡江的楚国人)

2、石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也。(《石钟山记》)(铿然有声者,是“石”这个中心词的定语,放在了后面。翻译:发出铿锵的声音的石头,到处的石头都是这样的)

5. 【英语中定语从句关系词的用法

英语定语从句关系词的用法与区别定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句.定语从句通常修饰名词或代词,对它进行限制、描绘和说明.受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词,引导定语从句的词语叫关系词.关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词.关系词不仅引导定语从句,同时还在定语从句充当一定的句子成分.一、关系词的用法特点关系词分关系代词和关系副词.关系代词主要有 that,who,whom,whose,which,as 等,其中who等,其中whowhom 只用于指人,which和as 只用于指事物,whose和 that既可于指人也可用于指物,它们在定语从句可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语;关系副词主要有when,where 和why,其中when表示时间,whenwhere表地点,why表原因,它们在定语从句中均用作状语:The dog which [that] was lost has been found.丢失的狗找到了.(which / that指物,在从句中用作主语)I have fotten everything that I learnt at school.我把学校学的所有东西都给忘了.(that指物,在从句中句作宾语(that)The man who lives in that house is my uncle.住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔.(who指人,在从句中作主语)It was an island whose name I have fotten.这是一座岛,名字我忘了.There are some students whose questions I can't answer.有些学生提出的问题我回答不了.(whose指人,在从句中作定语)二、关系词的选择选择关系词可考虑以下四点:(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whowhom,指人时通常不用which等).(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when,where,why);作状语要.(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句).(4) 四看文体,即分清是正式文体还是非正式文体,是书面语体还是口语体.(4)三、两组关系词的用法区别1.that 与 which的用法区别两者都可指物,有时可互换.其区别主要在于:(1) 引导非限制性定语从句时,通常只用which:He drove too fast,which was dangerous.他开车很快,这是很危险的.(2) 直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常只用which:whichThe tool with which he is working is called a hammer.他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子.(3) 当先行词是much,little,none,all,few,every(thing),any(thing),no(thing) 等不定代词或受其修饰时,通常用that:All [Everything] that can be done must be done.凡能做的事都必须做.(4) 当先行词受the very,the only,the same 等修饰时,通常用that:This is the only example that I know.我知道的例子只有这一个.Those are the very words that he used.那是他的原话.(5) 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last,next等)等修饰时,通常用that:This is the best dictionary that I've ever used.这是我用过的最好的词典.The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan.你应该做的第一件事是订个计划.(6) 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that:China is not the country (that) it was.中国已不是过去的样子了.(7) 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用(7) that:They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them.他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事.(8) 当要避免重复时:Which is the course that we are to take?我们选哪门课程?2.that与who的用法区别(1) 两者均可指人,有时可互换:All that [who] heard him were delighted.所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴.Have you met anybody that [who] has been to Paris?你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗?He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian.他是我们中间惟一懂俄语的人.(2) 但是在下列情况,通常要用 that:①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时:I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad.我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告.②当先行词是who时(为避免重复):Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢?③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略):Tom is not the boy (that) he was.汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。

6. 英语中定语从句的引导词及其应用

如何选择定语从句的引导词?一、定语从句的引导词有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as;关系副词when,where,why.定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语从句中缺什么成分.1.定语从句中缺主语,修饰人时用who /that,修饰物时用which /that引导.如:Is this the factory which /that makes TV sets?The man who /that visited our school is from Australia. 2.从句中缺宾语,修饰人时用 who /whom /that或省略引导词;修饰物时用which /that或省略引导词.如:Gone are the days which /that we spent together in the village. He is the man who /whom /that I think to be worthy of our praise. 3.从句中缺时间状语,用when或介词+which引导.如:The day finally came when /on which I was given a job. We'll put off the outing until next week,when we won't be so busy. 4.从句中缺地点状语,用where或介词+which引导.如:Please put the letter on the desk where /on which he can easily find it. 5.从句中缺原因状语或先行词是 reason时,引导词用why /for which / that.如:This is the reason why /for which / that he didn't e to the meeting. 6.从句中缺定语,人和物都用 whose引导.如:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. 7.当先行词是way时,其定语从句的引导词用in which /that.如:The way in which /that he looks at problems is wrong. 二、引导词as可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句.1.在固定词组the same。

as,such。as中,as引导限制性定语从句.如:He is not such a fool as he looks. I've bought the same dress as she is wearing. 2.当先行词是整个主句时,可用 as /which引导非限制性定语从句.引导词as和which的区别在于:①as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后,而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放于主句后或句中.②as常与从句中的know,see,hear,expect等动词连用,也常用于as often happens,as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中;而which一般不用于以上情况.③as有“正如”的含义,which没有此含义.如:As is well known,Shanghai is a big city. Some of the roads were flooded,which made our journey more difficult. 三、关系代词who,whom,whose,which和as能引导非限制性定语从句,而that不能;非限制性定语从句中即使缺宾语,引导词也不能省略;关系副词when,where能引导非限制性定语从句,而why不能.如:Abraham Lincoln,who led the United States through the Civil War years,was shot on April 14,1865. 四、先行词是物时,其引导词可用 which也可用that,通常情况下二者可互换,但在有些情况下不能.1.用which不用that引导定语从句的三种情况:①非限制性定语从句用which,不用that引导.如:Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world. ②先行词为that时,为了避免重 复,定语从句用which不用that引导.如:That which you borrowed from me wasn't a real diamond necklace. ③介词后用which不用that引导.如:The method with which you solved the problem is very good. 2.用that不用which的七种情况:①先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,用 that不用which引导.如:This is the best place that I have ever visited. The second question that is asked is why we don't fall off the earth. ②先行词为little,much,all,none,few,(the)one,something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代词时,用that引导.如:There is nothing in the world that can frighten him. ③先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时,用 that引导.如:He told us about the people and the cities that he had visited. ④先行词前有any,all,no,few,every,some,little,much,(the)very,(the)only,(the)last等词修饰时,用 that引导.如:This is the very coat that I need. Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?⑤先行词为which时,为了避免重复,用that引导.如:Which is the book that you bought yesterday?⑥先行词在从句中作表语时,常用that引导.如:Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be in the 1930's. ⑦当主句是There be。

句型时,用that引导.There are o tickets for the film that are for you o. 五、在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词应与复数名词保持一致;当one前有the only修饰时,从句的谓语动词应与the only one保持一致.如:He was one of the students who were late for class. He was the only one of the students who was late for class. 六、引导词前有介词或短语介词时,修饰人只能用 whom,修饰物只能用which引导.如:My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke. The man,by whom the wolf was shot,is called Jackson.。

7. 定语从句中先行词用法

通常情况下,先行词和定语从句是挨着的,但是在不引起歧义的情况下,可以把定语从句和先行词分开,这叫分隔定语从句.例:He is a student in my school who often helps others.先行词是student与从句分开.因为定语从句的先行词是名词或代词.所以这句话中有可能是先行词的词是He,student,school,但是从句的引导词who的先行词只能是人,所以排除school,再通过翻译,所以确定,先行词就是student.从句没有和先行词挨着,因为我们经过判断知道了他要表达的意思.所以从句可以和先行词分开.。

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