常è§çå代åæ£å¦ä¸ï¼
ãã1ãç·çRHä¸X2ååº,RH+ X2 âRX+HX(R表示ç·çåº,X=ClãBrãI,ä¸å) [å
ç
§]
ãã2ãè³é¦ç(å¦è¯ãç²è¯) ä¸X2å¨è¯ç¯ä¸å代(Ph表示è¯åºC6H5,ä¸å)PhH+ X2 âC6 H 5X+HX [ FeBr3 / Fe ]
ãã3ãè³é¦ç(å¦ç²è¯) ä¸X2å¨æ¯é¾ä¸å代 PhCH2+X2 âPhCHX+HX [å
ç
§]
ãã4ãè³é¦ç(å¦è¯ãç²è¯)ä¸æµç¡é
¸è¿è¡ç¡åååºPhH+ HNO3 âC6 H 5NO2+H2O
[(ç®å¤´ä¸æ¹å)æµç¡«é
¸,(ç®å¤´ä¸æ¹å)å ç(ä¸è¬æ¯55~60ææ°åº¦)]
ãã5ãè³é¦ç(å¦è¯)ä¸æµç¡«é
¸è¿è¡ç£ºåååº PhH+ H2SO4 âC6 H 5SO3+H2O [å ç(ä¸è¬æ¯70~80ææ°åº¦)]
ãã6ãå¤ä»£çRX水解 RX+NaOH âROH+NaX [(ç®å¤´ä¸æ¹å)H2O,(ç®å¤´ä¸æ¹å)å ç]
ãã7ãéROHä¸HXçå代ååºROH+HXâRX+H2O [å ç]
ãã8ãéROH(å¦ä¹é)ååé´è±æ°´æéR-OH+Râ-OHâR-O-Râ+H2O [(ç®å¤´ä¸æ¹å)æµç¡«é
¸,(ç®å¤´ä¸æ¹å)140â]
ãã9ã羧é
¸R(COOH)nä¸éR(OH)n(n为æ£æ´æ°)åçé
¯åååº,æ¯å¦ RCOOH+RâOHâ RCOORâ+H2O
[(ç®å¤´ä¸æ¹å)æµç¡«é
¸,(ç®å¤´ä¸æ¹å)å ç,ç®å¤´ä¸ºå¯éå·]
ãã10ãé
¯RCOORâç水解 RCOORâ+H2OâRCOOH+RâOH[(ç®å¤´ä¸æ¹å)ç¨ç¡«é
¸,(ç®å¤´ä¸æ¹å)å ç,ç®å¤´ä¸ºå¯éå·]
ããæè
RCOORâ+ NaOHâRCOONa+RâOH [å ç]
ãã11ãè¯é
ä¸æµæº´æ°´ååºPhOH+3Br2 âä¸æº´è¯é
(åå¦å¼èªå·±å)+3HBr [æ æ¡ä»¶,ä½è¦æ³¨ææ¯å¾æµç溴水, ä¸æº´è¯é
è¦ææ²æ·ç¬¦å·]
ãã12ãäºç³æ°´è§£
ããC12H22O11+H2OâC6H12O6+C6H12O6 [ç¨é
¸æº¶æ¶² / é
¶]
ããèç³ æç³ è¡èç³
ããC12H22O11+H2Oâ2C6H12O6 [ç¨é
¸æº¶æ¶² / é
¶]
ãã麦è½ç³ è¡èç³
常è§çå æååºå¦ä¸ï¼
ãã1ãCH2=CH2 + H2O ââå¬ååå çå åââ> CH3CH2OH
ãã2ãCH2=CH2 + Br2 ââ> CH2BrCH2Br
ãã3ãCH2=CH2 + HCl ââå¬ååå çââ> CH3CH2Cl
ãã4ãCH2=CH2 + H2 ââå¬ååå çââ> CH3CH3
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