关于食物和饮食文化的英语散文
For some people food is just a necessity to satisfy basicneeds, for the others food is more than just a basic necessity, but a pleasurethat plays a significant role in their understanding of happiness. There are somany different cuisines and food preferences built by cultural and ethnicalbackgrounds, geographical locations and social classes. Food can tell us a lotabout the history and traditions of various nations and regions. Meat eatinghabits, herbs and crops – everything makes its contribution to the traditionalcuisine and culture. India is a land of spices, Africa is a continent ofsauces, Europe discloses esthetical beauty of food and opens up newopportunities and inventions for those who value and enjoy eating.
Eating habits change over time and followclimate, cultural and other transformations that determined the evolution ofthe communities and other social cells. Changes in the way people serve thetable, evolution of European and Asian business etiquette, food preferencesaccording to the surveys in different countries and other elements that allowmeasuring and analyzing the evolution of food help us understand the history.
大略翻译：
对一些人来说是必要的食物来满足basicneeds，为其他的食物不仅仅是一个基本的必要性，但pleasurethat中起着重要的作用，他们对幸福的理解。有这么多不同的菜肴和食物偏好的文化和ethnicalbackgrounds建，地理位置和社会阶层。食物可以告诉我们许多关于不同国家的历史传统和地区。肉的饮食习惯，草本植物和农作物–一切对traditionalcuisine和文化的贡献。印度是一个土地的香料，非洲是一个大洲ofsauces，欧洲公开食品美学开辟了新的机遇与创造美的人的价值和喜欢吃。
饮食习惯的改变随着时间的推移，followclimate，文化和其他变换确定进化的社区和其他社会细胞。在人-服务方式的变化，欧洲和亚洲的商务礼仪的演变，食品preferencesaccording的调查在不同的国家和其他元素，allowmeasuring分析食物的进化让我们了解历史。
略谈中西方饮食文化差异 ：
餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。
一、两种不同的饮食观念
对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方是一种理性饮食观念。不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去——因为有营养
中国人是很重视“吃”的，“民以食为天”这句谚语就说明我们把吃看得与天一样重要。由于我们这个民族几千年来都处于低下的生产力水平，人们总是吃不饱，所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的饮食文化，
在中国的烹调术中，对美味追求几乎达到极致，以至中国人到海外谋生，都以开餐馆为业，成了我们在全世界安身立命的根本！
中国人在品尝菜肴时，往往会说这盘菜“好吃”，那道菜“不好吃”；然而若要进一步问一下什么叫“好吃”，为什么“好吃”，“好吃”在哪里，恐怕就不容易说清楚了。这说明，中国人对饮食追求的是一种难以言传的“意境”，即使用人们通常所说的“色、香、味、形、器”来把这种“境界”具体化，恐怕仍然是很难涵盖得了的。
中国饮食之所以有其独特的魅力，关键就在于它的味。而美味的产生，在于调和，要使食物的本味，加热以后的熟味，加上配料和辅料的味以及调料的调和之味，交织融合协调在一起，使之互相补充，互助渗透，水乳交融，你中有我，我中有你。中国烹饪讲究的调和之美，是中国烹饪艺术的精要之处。菜点的形和色是外在的东西，而味却是内在的东西，重内在而不刻意修饰外表，重菜肴的味而不过分展露菜肴的形和色，这正是中国美性饮食观的最重要的表现。
在中国，饮食的美性追求显然压倒了理性，这种饮食观与中国传统的哲学思想也是吻合的。
二、中西饮食对象的差异
西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。
西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好，
中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。
西式饮宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上那是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。此法是将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。
翻译：
The Western diet culture difference on in
Food products because of the influence of geographical features, climate,
customs and other factors, will appear in raw materials, taste, cooking method,
the diet habits on the different degrees of difference. It is because of these
differences, food products with a strong regional. The differences between
Chinese and Western cultures makes differences between Chinese and Western food
culture, but this difference different from the Western way of thinking and
philosophy. Chinese pay attention to "the unity of heaven and man", Westerners
focus on "people-oriented". The one or two kind of different diet ideas
Comparison on the "flavor" of Chinese diet, the Western diet is a rational
concept. Regardless of food color, fragrance, taste, how to shape, and nutrition
must be guaranteed, about a day to the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and
so on. Even if the taste is follow the same pattern, must eat -- because of
nutrition Chinese attach great importance to "eat", "hunger breeds
discontentment" this proverb means that we eat to see important and day. Because
our nation for thousands of years in the low level of productivity, people
always do not have enough to eat, so there will be a unique to eat again in all
diet culture, In Chinese cookery, to almost the ultimate pursuit of delicious,
and Chinese living overseas, both for the restaurant industry, has become the
fundamental we settle down in the world! Chinese in the tasting dishes, they
will say that this dish "delicious", that dish "delicious"; however to further
ask what is "delicious", why "delicious", "delicious" where, I am afraid it is
not easy to say clear. This shows that, Chinese's pursuit of food is difficult
to explain in words of a "mood", that is, the use of people often say "color,
smell, taste, shape," to this "state" specific, it is still difficult to cover.
Chinese diet has its unique charm, the key lies in its taste. And delicious
produce, is to reconcile, for the taste of food, after heating the cooked
flavor, and taste the ingredients and accessories and reconcile the flavor of
spices, mix together in harmony, so as to complement each other, mutual
penetration, get along swimmingly with each other, you have me, I have you.
Chinese cooking pay attention to harmony, is the essence of the place Chinese
culinary art. Dish of shape and color are the external things, but taste is
something intrinsic, rather than deliberately modified internal re appearance,
flavor and not too heavy dishes show dish of shape and color, this is the China
United States the concept of eating the most important performance. In China,
diet beautiful pursue explicit
德国饮食
一、饮食习惯:
德国人多属日尔曼族。The germans are the Germanic family.
2.爱好“大块吃肉，大口喝酒”。“ Big eat meat, big drink”.
3.每人每年的猪肉消费量达66千克。Each year 66 kg of pork consumption.
4.居世界首位。Occupies the world first place.
5.德国的早餐比起午餐和晚餐是最丰盛的。Germany than breakfast lunch and dinneris the most abundant.
6.酒宴上，德国人互不劝酒也不逼酒，喝者各自量力而为。The germans are not forced QuanJiuwine, drink each person over your head.
7.德国的饮食特点是营养丰富，方便省时，文明科学，吃饱吃好。Germany's food characteristic are rich innutrients, convenient province, civilization science, eat satisfied eat well.
8.德国人主食为黑麦、小麦和土豆，面包是德国人最喜爱的食品；还喜欢吃奶酪、香肠配以生菜色拉和水果。German staple food for wheat and ryebread, potatoes are German favorite food; Also like to eat cheese sausage matchwith lettuce salad and fruit.
9.德国人吃饭讲究实惠，不图浮华。TheGerman people eat cultured for affordable, glitz.
10.德国人口味喜清淡、甜酸，不爱吃油腻食品，不爱吃辣。German taste like light sweet and sour,
not the love eat greasy food, not the love eat spicy.
11.在饮料方面，德国人最爱喝啤酒，也爱喝葡萄酒。 In the drink, the germans love to drink beer, also love to drink wine.
二、餐饮礼仪
1.当德国人在宴会上或用餐时，他们注重女士优先的原则。
When the germans in the party or have dinner, they paying
attention to the principle of lady first .
2.他们有个习俗，那就是吃鱼的刀叉不能用来吃别的。They have a custom, that is knives and forks to eat fishcannot be used to eat the others.
三、著名的德国菜品
•Sauerbraten——醋切牛肉
•SchweinebratCn——烤猪肉
•Schwelnehaxen——成猪蹄
•Sauerkraut——酸白菜
•Maultaschen——肉菠菜大馄饨(斯图加特美食)
•Knodel——马铃薯麦团
•Linsensuppe——扁豆汤
•Kartoffelsuppe——马铃薯汤
•Zwiebelkuchen——洋葱事肉饼
•Rinderroulade——牛肉卷
•Forelle
Mullerin——炸河鳟
•Hering——胶鲜鱼