Indirect speech 间接引语
何为直接引语和间接引语
一字不改的引述别人的话，叫做直接引语; 用说话人自己的话转述别人的话，就叫间接引语。
直接引语变为间接引语需注意的问题。
1． 1． 直接引语为陈述句。
直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往边为有从属连词that (在口语中常可省略) 引导的宾语从句，引述动词常用say, tell等，在边为间接引语中要注意下列的变化。
（1） （1） 人称变化： 将直接引语的人称作相应的改变。 在改变人称时需按照转述者
在实际说话中的着眼点而定。
Eg. “ I’m tired”, he said. 改为
He said (that) he was tired.
“ I’m tired,” I said. 改为
I said (that) I was tired.
(2) 时态的变化：直接引语的引述动词若为现在时态或将来时态，直接引语变为见解引语时，时态可保持不变。
Eg. Jim says, “I’ve read Tom’s book and I didn’t understand it.” 改为
Jim says (that) he has read Tony’s book and didn’t understand it.
He will say, “The boy was lazy.” 改为
He will tell you that the boy way lazy.
注意：如果直接引语的引述动词若为过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态要作如下变化：
a) a) 现在时态变为一般过去时
eg. He told me, “ I know him.” 改为
He told me that he knew him.
一般现在时变为一般过去时，
eg. She told me, “ We are meeting him later at the pub.” 改为
She told me that they were meeting him later at the pub.
现在完成（进行）时变为过去完成（进行）时。
Eg. He said, “ The lights have gone out.”
He said (that) the lights had gone out.
Eg. She said, “ I’ve been waiting for ages.”
She said (that) she had been waiting for ages.
注意：如果直接引语是，客观真理，一般现在时则保持不变。
Eg. “ The earth moves around the sun”, the teacher told us.
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
b) b) 过去时变为过去完成时，一般过去时变为过去完成时（强调一件事发生在另洋件事之前） 或保持不变（ 有明确的过去时间状语）， 过去进行时变为过去完成进行时，过去完成（进行）时不变。
Eg. “ I took it home with me, “ she said.
She said she had taken it home with her.
Eg. The teacher said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”
The teacher said that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
Eg. “ I was driving carefully when my car hit the tree,” he told the police.
He told the police that he had been driving carefully when his car hit the tree.
（主从复合句的直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的一般过去时通常不变为过去完成时
eg. He said, “ I hadn’t seen her before.”
He said that he hadn’t seen her before.
c) c) 将来时变为过去将来时
eg. He said, “ I will/ shall be in Paris on Monday.
He said he would be in Paris on Monday.
一般将来时变为过去将来时
eg. “ I will / shall be using the car myself on the 24th, she said.
She said she would be using the car herself on the 24th.
将来完成（进行）时变为过去将来完成（进行）时
eg. He said, “ I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.”
He said that he would have finished reading the book by the end of that week.
d) d) 现在时情态动词变为过去时情态动词，过去时情态动词不变。
Eg. She said, “ My son can swim very well.”
She said her son could swim very well.
Eg. He said, “ I could ride a bike when I was only six.”
He said that he could ride a bike when he was only six.
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