2(1)Originally, international law consented to by the various states. International law based laws and regulations, in principle, define the rights and duties that as exist among the states.
When stats act in a manner that violates international law, under all principles of international law, they owe an international liability to the country suffering an infringement of its legal benefits and protections, and in general, even in cases in which individuals suffer injury as a result of the action of a nation violating a duty under international law, that injury is considered an injury to the state to which the individual is affiliated, and as such the individual victim is construed as receiving only indirect relief when a state exercises its right of diplomatic protection.
Even if international law originally did not directly prescribe individual rights and duties, today, while still the exception, there exist treaties, such as human rights treaties, which clearly prescribe the granting of rights to individuals, and one may not conclude that an individual right, or a civil right to petition, are not directly prescribed simply because Article 3 falls under the classification of international law.