现在分词(present participle)(又称-ing形式,现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和
过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,
表语,补语,状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。一般式:doing; 一般被动式:being done; 完成式:having done; 完成被动式:having been done。 所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ,包括
独立主格形式。
现在分词在英语这一科目中,也是比较重要的一部分,具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是
非谓语动词的一种。
分词是动词的三种非谓语形式之一,分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词的形式由动词原形加词尾-ING构成,过去分词的形式分为规则变化和不规则变化,规则变化是在动词原形后加-ED,不规则变化要单独记忆,如:rot—rotted—rotten、sink—sank—sunk、strike—struck—struck、bear—bore—borne、get—got—gotten、hang—hung—hung。
分词也具有动词的特征,有时式和语态的变化,并可以带状语或宾语,分词的否定式是在分词前加not。如:
Having hurried through his breakfast, he went to wait for the school
bus.
The problem being discussed now is our quarterly meeting.
Having been working here for four and a half years, I have no time for other
things.
Having been written in haste, the paper is full of mistakes.
When asked such a queer question, he was
at a loss how to answer it.
Not wanting to continue my service in the plant, I joined the army.
及物动词的现在分词的主动式,在时间上表示正在进行的动作,在语态上表示主动意义;及物动词的过去分词在时间上表示动作的完成,在语态上表示被动意义。如:
a refreshing breeze
feel refreshed
a frightening scene
a frightened child
a disappointing matter
a disappointed look
现在分词表示动作正在进行或
一般现在时的概念,过去分词表示动作已经完成,不一定有被动意义,如:
falling leaves
fallen leaves
boiling
water
boiled
water
不及物动词come和
连系动词become的过去分词要后置。如:
a former teacher become a lover
a god come down to the earth
He was a young carpenter come from the USA.