羊城八景——云山叠翠(白云山)
2008年09月02日
白云山位于广州市的东北部,为南粤名山之一,自古就有“羊城第一秀”之称,是新“羊城八景”之首、国家4A级景区和国家重点风景名胜区。白云山由30多座山峰组成,为广东九连山的支脉。面积20.98平方公里,主峰摩星岭高382米,峰峦重叠,溪涧纵横,登高可俯览全市,遥望珠江。每当雨后天晴或暮春时节,山间白云缭绕,蔚为奇观,白云山之名由此得来。
白云山自古以来就是广州有名的风景胜地,“蒲涧濂泉”、“ 白云晚望”、“ 景泰僧归”等,均被列入古代“羊城八景”。
白云山有丰富的自然资源,植被种类相当丰富,拥有各种植物876种,其中有5种国家保护的珍稀濒危植物。野生的657种植物中,有用材树种86种,药用植物343种,野生观赏植物97种。目前白云山的绿化覆盖率已达95%以上,据统计,白云山目前共有绿化面积4.2万亩,每天可吸收2800吨二氧化碳,放出2100吨氧气,可供近300万人正常呼吸之用,被称为广州的“市肺”。
白云山有十分浓厚的文化沉淀,最早可追溯到山北黄婆洞的新石器时代史前文化的遗址。秦末高士郑安期隐居在白云山采药济世,并在白云山“成仙而去”。晋代江苏人葛洪曾在白云山炼丹,著有《抱朴子》这部道家名作。南梁时景泰禅师来此建寺,是白云山最早的寺庙。唐宋以后,陆续有杜审言、李群玉、苏轼、韩愈等著名文人登山吟诗,寓情于物,成为岭南宝贵的历史精神财富。中国近现代革命的抗法、甲午战争等人物也曾在此留下足迹。在社会主义建设初期,老一辈革命家朱德、董必武、郭沫若等曾留下题词,周恩来总理、陈毅副总理等曾在当时被誉为“南国钓鱼台”的白云山山庄旅舍进行过国事活动。改革开放以后,党和国家多位领导人及国际友人也都曾在此观光并题名,为白云山风景区留下了不少墨宝。
随着城市规模的日益扩大,白云山完全融入到城市中,成为人们闲时休憩的好去处,吸引着越来越多的游客前来参观,全年景区客流量近500万人次,日均客流量达2万-3万人次,尤其是重要节假日(如:国庆、五一、重阳、中秋等)全山最大客流量达10万-20万人次。
■Cloudy Mountain & Lush Greenery (Baiyun Mountain)
Baiyun Mountain, located at northeast part of Guangzhou, is one of the famous mountains of South Guangdong, and has been popularly known as the No. 1 Scenery of Guangzhou since ancient times. The mountain is also ranked No. 1 of the New Top Eight Famous Sceneries in Guangzhou, a National 4A Scenic Spot and a key Nationally Famous Scenic Site. Baiyun Mountain, a branch range of the Jiulian Mountain of Guangdong, is made up of more than 30 hills and covers an area of 20.98 square kilometers with its highest peak, Moxing Ridge, measuring 382 meters high. The mountain is rich in overlapping ridges and peaks, freely extending brooks and gullies. Tourists can enjoy a panoramic view of Guangzhou city and the distant Pearl River from the top of the mountain. Baiyun Mountain got its name from the floating clouds in the mountains in late spring or when the sky clears up after the rain, a spectacular scene one can visualize.
Baiyun Mountain has been a famous scenic spot since distant past. Such scenic spots as "Lianquan Fountain at the Cattail Gully", "Rosy Cloud at Dusk in Baiyun Mountain", and "Returning Monks of Jingtai Temple" were selected as the "Top Eight Famous Sceneries in Guangzhou" in ancient China.
Baiyun Mountain possesses a large variety of natural resources and rich vegetation, boasting some 876 kinds of plants, 5 of which are nationally protected rare plants or plants near extinction. Of the 657 wild plants, 86 belong to commercial wood, 343 herbal plants and 97 for ornament. At present, more than 95% of the Baiyun Mountain is covered by greenery, totaling 42, 000 mu (15mu=1hectare), according to official statistics. Baiyun Mountain absorbs 2,800 tons of carbon dioxide and emits 2,100 tons of oxygen every day, adequate for nearly 3 million people to breathe freely. So it is also called the "Lung of Guangzhou".
Baiyun Mountain boasts a profound cultural heritage, which could be traced to the prehistoric cultural site of the New Stone Age at the Huang Po Cave north of the mountain. Zheng Anqi, a renowned scholar in the late Qin Dynasty (221B.C.-106 B.C.) lived in reclusion in the Baiyun Mountain, picking wild herbs to cure the local sick people, and became an immortal later on. Ge Hong (283-363), an alchemist from Jiangsu province in the Jin Dynasty (265-420), wrote the famous Taoist classic "Bao Pu Zi" on the Baiyun Mountain. Jingtai, a Buddhist monk, came and built the Jingtai Temple, the earliest temple on Baiyun Mountain in the South Liang Dynasty (502.-557). In the Tang (618-907) and Song Dynasties (960 -1279), renowned scholars, like Du Shenyan, Li Qunyu, Su Shi and Han Yu, came to climb the Baiyun Mountain, leaving behind them famous poems, which then became the treasured cultural and historic heritage of the Lingnan area (mainly Guangdong). Renowned figures in the Anti-French war (1884-1885) and the Jiawu
Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) also paid visits to the mountain. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, revolutionary leaders of China including Zhu De, Dong Biwu and Guo Moruo left their epigraphs here, and then Premier Zhou Enlai and Vice Premier Chen Yi conducted state affairs activities in the Baiyun Mountain Villa, nicknamed as the Diaoyutai State Guest House of South China. After the opening-up of China in the late 1970s, many national and party leaders as well as foreign friends have visited the mountain and left their epigraphs here, enriching the cultural heritage of Baiyun Mountain.
With the expansion of Guangzhou city, Baiyun Mountain has been merged with the city proper, becoming an ideal place for relaxation and recreation, and attracts more and more tourists. The annual visits of the mountain reach 5 million person-times now, with the daily visits between 20,000-30,000 person-times. The number of visits reaches 100,000-200,000 person-times during the major holidays, including the National Day, the Labor Day, the Double Ninth Day, and the Mid-autumn Festival.
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