一道英语题

Question

Let’s walk over ________ the sun on the other side of the street.
A. in B. to C. under D. by
答案选B，这些介词都有什么区别？请举例。

Answer 1

in
"在...里"
a book in the desk

to:
"向着..."
如此句"向着太阳"

under:
prep.
在...之下, 在...之内, 在...领导下, 低于, 假借
adv.
在下

under
un.der
AHD:[¾n“d…r]
D.J.[6(nd*]
K.K.[6(nd+]
prep.（介词）
In a lower position or place than:
在…下面：在比…低的位置或地方上：
a rug under a chair.
椅子下面的小地毯
To or into a lower position or place than:
到或进入比…低的位置或地方：
rolled the ball under the couch.
把球滚到躺椅下
Beneath the surface of:
在…表面下：
under the ground; swam under water.
在地下；游到水下
Beneath the assumed surface or guise of:
在…的假定表面或掩饰下：
traveled under a false name.
用假名旅游
Less than; smaller than:
少于，小于：
The jar's capacity is under three quarts.
这个坛子的容量小于三夸特
Less than the required amount or degree of:
未达，未满：少于规定数量或程度：
under voting age.
不到投票年龄
Inferior to in status or rank:
地位或等级低于…：
nine officers under me at headquarters.
在总部职位低于我的九个军官
Subject to the authority, rule, or control of:
受制于：在…的权威、统治或控制之下：
under a dictatorship.
在独裁统治之下
Subject to the supervision, instruction, or influence of:
在…指导下：受…的监督、指导或影响：
under parental guidance.
在父母指导之下
Undergoing or receiving the effects of:
经受或接受…的影响：
under constant care.
接受长期护理
Subject to the restraint or obligation of:
受到…的约束或承受…的义务：
under contract.
受合同的约束
Within the group or classification of:
在…的群体或类别中：
listed under biology.
被列在生物学中
In the process of:
在…过程中：
under discussion.
在讨论中
In view of; because of:
考虑到…；因为…：
under these conditions.
由于这些情况
With the authorization of:
经…的授权：
under the monarch's seal.
经君王的保证
Sowed or planted with:
播种或栽种着…：
an acre under oats.
栽种燕麦的一英亩地
Nautical Powered or propelled by:
【航海】 以…为动力或用…推动：
under sail; under steam.
扬帆行驶；以蒸汽为动力
During the time conventionally assigned to (a sign of the zodiac):
在…中，在…期间：处于传统上属于（黄道中一宫）的那段时间：
born under Aries.
生于白羊星座
adv.（副词）
In or into a place below or beneath:
在或进入低于…位置：
struggled in the water but then slipped under.
在水中挣扎但接着滑了下去
In or into a subordinate or inferior condition or position.
附属地，下等地：在或进入附属或较差的状况或位置
So as to be covered or enveloped.
为了被盖住或包住
So as to be less than the required amount or degree.
为了低于要求的数量或程度
adj.（形容词）
Located or situated on a lower level or beneath something else:
下面的：处于或置于一较低平面或…以下的：
the under parts of a machine.
机器的下部
Lower in rank, power, or authority; subordinate.
从属的，下级的：等级、权力或威望低的；附属的
Less than is required or customary:
过少的：少于要求的或通常的：
an under dose of medication.
过少的药量

by:
prep.
在附近, 在旁边, 经, 由, 依据, 按照, 通过, 用
adv.
通过, 经过, 附近
[域] Belarus, 白俄罗斯

by
by 1
AHD:[bº]
D.J.[bai]
K.K.[ba!]
prep.（介词）
Close to; next to:
接近；靠近：
the window by the door.
靠近门的窗户
With the use or help of; through:
借助于；通过：
We came by the back road.
我们从后面的小路而来
Up to and beyond; past:
超过：超出和在前面；超出：
We drove by the house.
我们驶过了这所房屋
In the period of; during:
在…期间；在…中间：
sleeping by day.
在白天睡觉
Not later than:
不迟于：
by 5:30 p.m.
不迟于下午 5:30
In the amount of:
以…计的：
letters by the thousands.
数以千计的信件
To the extent of:
达到…程度：
shorter by two inches.
短了两英寸
According to:
按照，根据：
played by the rules.
按规则比赛
With respect to:
相关，就…来说：
siblings by blood.
嫡系亲属
In the name of:
以…的名义：
swore by the Bible to tell the truth.
对圣经发誓说真话
Through the agency or action of:
被：通过某种行为或动作：
was killed by a bullet.
被子弹击毙
Used to indicate a succession of specified individuals, groups, or quantities:
一个一个地：用于表示一系列的特定个体、组或数量：
One by one they left. They were persuaded little by little.
他们一个接一个地离去了。他们渐渐被说服了
Used in multiplication and division:
乘，除：用于乘法和除法：
Multiply 4 by 6 to get 24.
4乘6得24
Used with measurements:
用于度量：
a room 12 by 18 feet.
12英尺宽，18英尺长的房间
Used to express direction with points of the compass:
用于表示某一范围内的方位：
south by southeast.
东南偏南
adv.（副词）
On hand; nearby:
旁边：手边；就近的：
Stand by.
站在旁边
Aside; away:
一边；搁置：
We put it by for later.
我们把它放置一边，以后再说
Up to, alongside, and past:
超出，沿着，过去：
The car raced by.
汽车奔驰而过
Into the past:
流逝：
as years go by.
随着年月流逝

Answer 2

1.
答案：A.
2.
翻译：直到最近，我才知道导弹是什么样子的。
2.
解释：
1）此题使用了not...until...的倒装句型。正常句序为：
I
did
not
have
any
idea
of
what
a
guided
rocket
is
like
until
quite
recently.
2）not...until...句型如果把否定词not提前时，必须使用部分倒装结构。
即先把not
until
+
状语（从句）提前，再把（主）句像变一般疑问句一样让be动词/助动词/情态动词提前，且（主）句必须还原成肯定句。
即为：Not
until
quite
recently
did
I
have
any
idea
of
what
a
guided
rocket
is
like.
3）根据句意，句子时态为一般过去时(recently“最近”)，且句子谓语动词是行为动词have，所以必须提前助动词did，而不是把表示一般现在时的助动词do提前。

Answer 3

答案
是
B
这是固定的介词短语
by
后面的名词
在这里具有抽象含义
不能加冠词
和其他限定词

这和我们学过的
by
bus
/
by
bike
道理一样
不过这里是作原因状语

Answer 4

一、一般情况下a
lot
of
与lots
of
没有区别，二者既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，可用many和much
取代。
there
are
a
lot
of
/
lots
of
apples
in
the
shop.there
is
a
lot
of
/
lots
of water
in
the
bottle.

二、严格说lots
of
比
a
lot
of
更口语化
，lots
of
修饰不可数名词
a
lot
of
修饰可数名词。
i
have
lots
of
money.
there
are
a
lot
of
students
here.

1.kind
of是普通的副词，
意思是有点儿，
有一些。举个例子就是he
is
kind
of
musician（他有点音乐家的气质）。
2.a
kind
of
就是一种。。。比如a
kind
of
creatures（一种生物）
3.kinds
of表很多种，比如different
kinds
of
diseases（不同种类的疾病）

Answer 5

I
took
your
pen
by
mistake我拿错了你的钢笔（是无意中）

I
took
your
pen
by
a
mistake我拿了你的钢笔是一个错误（是知道不应该拿的）

I
took
your
pen
by
mistakes我拿了你的钢笔的错误

I
took
your
pen
in
a
mistake我拿你我钢笔在一个错误上。

选A