第1个回答 2022-06-12
写作是英语能力输出非常强的一部分，因为要求考生对单词、语法的使用都要有一个非常深入地了解。所以老师们为各位同学整理九项在写作中常见的语法错误：
一、句子结构混乱Fragment以及标点punctuation
句子结构混乱主要是受汉语思维方式影响而导致的。同学们在日常学习中应多加练习，培养语感。
例：For example, old man are prefer to live a free and leisure time while the young man‘s lifestyle is high pressure with high-speed routine so that they have to live independently.
例：There is a few kinds of subjects could be choose for their future job. So he only could into technical school to study some skills and prepared to become a worker.
例：Today’s background is easier than that in the culture revolution ,the thought of the young will be more open than the old.
解析：不要出现一个逗号两个分句并且前后之间没有任何修饰或者逻辑关系的句子。第三个例子还有一点是用词也比较chinglish。
例1：There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操场上有许多学生在打篮球。
解析：上面的句子中出现了两个谓语动词，不符合英语的语法习惯。
改为：Many students are playing basketball on the playground.
例2：The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那边的女孩来自一个大城市。
解析：一个简单句中不能有两个谓语系动词，结构混乱。
改为：The girl standing over there is from a big city.
二、主谓不一致
英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。由于受汉语的影响，许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子的主谓一致关系，从而造成错误。
例：Once one have money，he can do what he want to do.人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。
解析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has；同理，want应改为wants，本句是典型的主谓不一致。
改为：Once one has money,he can do what he wants to do.
三、词性误用
词性误用常表现为：介词错用为动词，形容词错用为副词，名词错用为动词等。
例：First of all, the young people have more independent in study.
例：They earn some money so that they can independence.他们挣钱是为了自立。
解析：independence是名词，句中误用为动词。
改为：They earn some money so that they can be independent.
四、句子不完整
在口语中，交际双方可借助手势、语气等来理解对方的意思，不完整的句子也完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这常常发生在主句写完以后，学生又想加些补充说明的情况下。
例：There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and soon.了解社会的途径有很多，比如，可以通过电视、广播、报纸，等等。
解析：本段后半部分“For example，by TV，radio，newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。
改为：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
五、修饰语错位
英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语放在句子中不同的位置，可能会引起句子含义的变化。这一点常被同学们所忽视，因而造成了不必要的误解。
例：Though study is very important to college student, focus on it only cannot be a wise choice.
解析：only的位置如果放在这里那意思是仅仅不是一个明智的选择。
例：A. Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.
B. Petroleum formation appears to begin in marine sediments where organic matter is present.
解析：B 逻辑问题:汉语意思——石油形成开始于organic matter存在的海洋沉淀物上。A的意思：石油，由原油和天然气组成，来源于在沉淀物上的organic matte。从句位置的改变意思也会改变
六、累赘
同学们在写书面表达时应尽量做到简洁：写句子没有一个多余的词，写段落没有一个多余的句子；能用单词的就不用词组，能用词组的就不用从句或句子。
例1：In spite of the fact that he is lazy，I like him.尽管他很懒惰，我还是喜欢他。
解析：本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位语从句，我们应按照“简洁”的原则加以简化。
改为：In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例2： For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.对于勤奋善良的人来说，钱只是用来购买所需东西的工具。
解析：整个句子可以大大简化，累赘重复过多。
改为：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
七、句子不连贯
句子不连贯是指一个句子内部前言不搭后语，或是结构上不畅通。句子不连贯也是英语书面表达中比较常见的毛病。
例：The fresh water，it is the most important things of the earth.淡水是地球上最重要的东西。
解析：The fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯，It与things在语法上不一致。
改为：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
八、句型单调，句子与句子之间缺乏过渡
一篇文章如果简单句过多，句型单调，即使语法错误较少，思路较清晰，看后也会使人感到乏味。同学们应学会单句、复句交替使用，经常变换句型，尝试使用一些较复杂的语法结构及句型，适当运用过渡词，使文章更加连贯。
例：for the human beings, it(robot, 编者按) can free their hands, leave the boring work, have more time to do want they want”
改为：the human beings would be freed from the boring work so that they spare more time on what they like.
例：They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health.
解析：这段话中使用的全部是简单句，句型比较单调，可以改为定语从句或加入插入语，克服这一缺点。
改为：Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will, no doubt, have great influence on their health.
九、指代不清shift on the pronoun
指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。
Why don't people ask others for what they really need？Contrary to expectation,(rather than what we long for)they give them(us) what they(we)don't need all the time and show their love in their own way.They calculate how many things they pay and are moved to(by) the sense of giving.But in fact they only move themselves.I don't wanna live alone but I have to because no one can see through me(have the same feelings as I do).Such a shame.
例句：Only by increasing the rate of graduation can they improve their reputation to attract more students to go to their schools.
前后背景：they这里指的是学校。
点评：如果they指的是学校那最后一个their就指代不明了，谁的学校？
例1：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。
解析：读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把容易引起误解的代词加以明确，意思就一目了然了。
改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例2：And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.我们还可以通过亲身参与、体验的方式了解社会。
解析：句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
改为：And we can also know the society by serving it ourselves.
十情态动词的使用
例句：Some subjects like music and sport should be paid attention. Students not only do their best in academic study but also develop all kinds of skills.
论点：论证一些比如音乐和体育的学科的重要性。
点评：本来要去论证的就是这些科目对于学生全方位发展的重要性，就不用再重复了。比如可以说音乐培养对艺术的鉴赏，体育增强体魄培养坚强意志。
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