春节小报怎么做,要A3纸

高悬赏

买一本手抄报的书。
在报纸的两边(上下左右)各留2厘米,中间画一条4厘米的空间,如图:
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出版人写在主题的下方,中间写有关春节的新闻或消化,其他地方可分4个版块,主题可为:嘻哈闹春节
内容可为:春节的来源:春节是中国最富有特色的传统节日。它标志农历旧的一年结束。

新的一年已经开始。人们将告别寒冷单调的冬季,迎接生机盎然的春天。

春节原名“元旦”,隋代杜台卿在《五烛宝典》中说:“正月为端月,其一日为元日,亦云正朝,亦云元朔。”“元”的本意为“头”,后引申为“开始”,因为这一天是一年的头一天,春季的头一天,正月的头一天,所以称为“三元”;因为这一天还是岁之朝,月之朝,日之朝,所以又称“三朝”;又因为它是第一个朔日,所以又称“元朔”。宋吴自牧在《梦梁录》中解释:“正月朔日,谓之元旦”。《说文解字》中对“旦”字的解释为“从日见一上,一,地也。”表示太阳刚刚从地平线上升起,就是早晨的意思。因为它分别表示一年的第一个早晨,正月的第一个早晨,所以称“元旦”和“正旦”。

除上述称谓外,春节还称“开年”、“开岁”、“芳岁”、“华岁”等,在诸多称谓中以称“元旦”最普遍,时间最长久。

因各朝代历法不同,元旦所在的季节也不同。中国古代的历法是阴阳合历,需同时考虑到太阳和月亮的位置,故确定元旦时,需首先确定它在某个季节,然后再选定与这个季节相近的朔月作为元旦。由于一岁与12个阴历并行不相等,相差约11天,故每隔3年需设置一个闰月来调整季节。中国上古的天文学家曾想出一个简便的方法来判断月序与季节的关系,这就是以傍晚时斗柄的指向定月序,称之为十二月建。从北方起向东转,将地面划分为12个方位,傍晚时斗柄所指的方位,就是该月的月建,其子月、丑月、寅月分别相当于十一、十二、正月。

中国是个古老的多民族国家。不同的历史时期的不同的民族都曾经根据自己的文化传统和风俗习惯确定过自己的元旦,即改为“正朔”,改正月初一的时间。颛顼帝和夏代都以孟春正月为元,即使用建寅的夏历,以农历正月初一为元旦;商代使用殷历,殷历建丑,以农历十二月初一为元旦;周代使用周历,周历建成子,以农历十一月初一为元旦;秦代使用秦历,秦历建亥,以农历初一为元旦;西汉前期仍然使用秦历,汉武帝太初元年(公元104年)改用司马迁、洛下闳创制的太初历,又重新使用建寅的夏历,以农历正月初一为元旦。以后除王莽和魏明帝一度改用建丑的殷历,唐武后和肃宗时改用建子的周历外,各朝代均使用夏历至清朝末年。

“春节”这一词,在不同的历史时期,还有不同的特指。汉朝时,人们把二十四节气的第一个立春称“春节”。南北朝时,人们把整个春季叫“春节”。

辛亥革命胜利后,南京临时政府为了“顺农时”和“便于统计”,规定在民间使用夏历,在政府机关、厂矿、学校和团体中实行公历,以公历的元月一日为元旦。但一般人称公历元月一日为“阳历年”,仍把农历正月一日初一称“元旦”。

1949年9月27日,中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过使用世界上通用的公历纪元,把公历即阳历的元月一日定为元旦,为新年;因为农历正月初一通常都在立春前后,因而把农历正月初一定为“春节”。

春节一般指除夕和正月初一。但在民间,传统意义上的春节是指从腊月初八的腊祭或腊月二十三的祭灶,一直到正月十五,其中以除夕和正月初一为高潮。

在春节这一传统节日期间,我国的汉族和大多数少数民族都有要举行各种活动以示庆祝。这些活动均以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除旧布新、迎禧接福、祈求丰年为主要内容。活动丰富多彩,带有浓郁的民族特色。
春联的来历:春联,起源于桃符。"桃符",周代悬挂在大门两旁的长方形桃木板。据《后汉书、礼仪志》说,桃符长六寸,宽三寸,桃木板上书"神荼"、"郁垒"二神。"正月一日,造桃符著户,名仙木,百鬼所畏。"所以,清代《燕京时岁记》上说:"春联者,即桃符也。"

五代时,西蜀的宫廷里,有人在桃符上提写联语。据《宋史、蜀世家》说:后蜀主孟昶令学士章逊题桃木板,"以其非工,自命笔题云:'新年纳余庆,嘉节号长春'",这便是我国的第一副春联。直到宋代,春联仍称"桃符"。王安石的诗中就有"千门万户幢幢日,总把新桃换旧符"之句。宋代,桃符由桃木板改为纸张,叫"春贴纸"。

明代,桃符才改称"春联"。明代陈云瞻《簪云楼杂话》中载:"春联之设,自明太祖始。帝都金陵,除夕前忽传旨:公卿士庶家门口须加春联一幅帝微行时出现。"朱元璋不仅亲自微服出城,观赏笑乐,他还亲自题春联。他经过一户人家,见门上不曾贴春联,便去询问,知道这是一家阉猪的,还未请人代写。朱元璋就特地为那阉猪人写了"双手劈开生死路,一刀割断是非根"的春联。联意贴切、幽默。经明太祖这一提倡,此后春联便沿习成为习俗,一直流传至今。

春节传说之一:熬年守岁

守岁,就是在旧年的最后一天夜里不睡觉,熬夜迎接新一年的到来的习俗,也叫除夕守岁,俗名“熬年”。探究这个习俗的来历,在民间流传着一个有趣的故事:

太古时期,有一种凶猛的怪兽,散居在深山密林中,人们管它们叫“年”。它的形貌狰狞,生性凶残,专食飞禽走兽、鳞介虫豸,一天换一种口味,从磕头虫一直吃到大活人,让人谈“年”色变。后来,人们慢慢掌握了“年”的活动规律,它是每隔三百六十五天窜到人群聚居的地方尝一次口鲜,而且出没的时间都是在天黑以后,等到鸡鸣破晓,它们便返回山林中去了。

算准了“年”肆虐的日期,百姓们便把这可怕的一夜视为关口来煞,称作“年关”,并且想出了一整套过年关的办法:每到这一天晚上,每家每户都提前做好晚饭,熄火净灶,再把鸡圈牛栏全部拴牢,把宅院的前后门都封住,躲在屋里吃“年夜饭”,由于这顿晚餐具有凶吉未卜的意味,所以置办得很丰盛,除了要全家老小围在一起用餐表示和睦团圆外,还须在吃饭前先供祭祖先,祈求祖先的神灵保佑,平安地度过这一夜,吃过晚饭后,谁都不敢睡觉,挤坐在一起闲聊壮胆。就逐渐形成了除夕熬年守岁的习惯。

守岁习俗兴起于南北朝,梁朝的不少文人都有守岁的诗文。“一夜连双岁,五更分二年。”人们点起蜡烛或油灯,通宵守夜,象征着把一切邪瘟 病疫照跑驱走,期待着新的一年吉祥如意。这种风俗被人们流传至今。

春节传说之二:万年创建历法说

相传,在古时候,有个名叫万年的青年,看到当时节令很乱,就有了想把节令定准的打算。但是苦于找不到计算时间的方法,一天,他上山砍柴累了,坐在树阴下休息,树影的移动启发了他,他设计了一个测日影计天时的晷仪,测定一天的时间,后来,山崖上的滴泉启发了他的灵感,他又动手做了一个五层漏壶,来计算时间。天长日久,他发现每隔三百六十多天,四季就轮回一次,天时的长短就重复一遍。

当时的国君叫祖乙,也常为天气风云的不测感到苦恼。万年知道后,就带着日晷和漏壶去见皇上,对祖乙讲清了日月运行的道理。祖乙听后龙颜大悦,感到有道理。于是把万年留下,在天坛前修建日月阁,筑起日晷台和漏壶亭。并希望能测准日月规律,推算出准确的晨夕时间,创建历法,为天下的黎民百姓造福。

有一次,祖乙去了解万年测试历法的进展情况。当他登上日月坛时,看见天坛边的石壁上刻着一首诗:

日出日落三百六,周而复始从头来。

草木枯荣分四时,一岁月有十二圆。

知道万年创建历法已成,亲自登上日月阁看望万年。万年指着天象,对祖乙说:“现在正是十二个月满,旧岁已完,新春复始,祈请国君定个节吧”。祖乙说:“春为岁首,就叫春节吧”。据说这就是春节的来历。

冬去春来,年复一年,万年经过长期观察,精心推算,制定出了准确的太阳历,当他把太阳历呈奉给继任的国君时,已是满面银须。国君深为感动,为纪念万年的功绩,便将太阳历命名为“万年历”,封万年为日月寿星。以后,人们在过年时挂上寿星图,据说就是为了纪念德高望重的万年。

春节传说之三:贴春联和门神

据说贴春联的习俗,大约始于一千多年前的后蜀时期,这是有史为证的。此外根据《玉烛宝典》,《燕京岁时记》等著作记载,春联的原始形式就是人们所说的“桃符”。

在中国古代神话中,相传有一个鬼域的世界,当中有座山,山上有一棵覆盖三千里的大桃树,树梢上有一只金鸡。每当清晨金鸡长鸣的时候,夜晚出去游荡的鬼魂必赶回鬼域。鬼域的大门坐落在桃树的东北,门边站着两个神人,名叫神荼、郁垒。如果鬼魂在夜间干了伤天害理的事情,神荼、郁垒就会立即发现并将它捉住,用芒苇做的绳子把它捆起来,送去喂虎。因而天下的鬼都畏惧神荼、郁垒。于是民间就用桃木刻成他们的模样,放在自家门口,以避邪防害。后来,人们干脆在桃木板上刻上神荼、郁垒的名字,认为这样做同样可以镇邪去恶。这种桃木板后来就被叫做“桃符”。

到了宋代,人们便开始在桃木板上写对联,一则不失桃木镇邪的意义,二则表达自己美好心愿,三则装饰门户,以求美观。又在象征喜气吉祥的红纸上写对联,新春之际贴在门窗两边,用以表达人们祈求来年福运的美好心愿。

为了祈求一家的福寿康宁,一些地方的人们还保留着贴门神的习惯。据说,大门上贴上两位门神,一切妖魔鬼怪都会望而生畏。在民间,门神是正气和武力的象征,古人认为,相貌出奇的人往往具有神奇的禀性和不凡的本领。他们心地正直善良,捉鬼擒魔是他们的天性和责任,人们所仰慕的捉鬼天师钟馗,即是此种奇形怪相。所以民间的门神永远都怒目圆睁,相貌狰狞,手里拿着各种传统的武器,随时准备同敢于上门来的鬼魅战斗。由于我国民居的大门,通常都是两扇对开,所以门神总是成双成对。

唐朝以后,除了以往的神荼、郁垒二将以外,人们又把秦叔宝和尉迟恭两位唐代武将当作门神。相传,唐太宗生病,听见门外鬼魅呼号,彻夜不得安宁。于是他让这两位将军手持武器立于门旁镇守,第二天夜里就再也没有鬼魅搔扰了。其后,唐太宗让人把这两位将军的形象画下来贴在门上,这一习俗开始在民间广为流传。

参考资料:http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/20921150.html

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第1个回答  2008-02-15
220.168.44.77/yhdy/upart/2007371413178191.doc

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第2个回答  2008-02-21
The Origin of Chinese New Year

The Chinese New Year is now popularly known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the Begining of Spring (the first of the twenty-four terms in coodination with the changes of Nature). Its origin is too old to be traced. Several explanations are hanging around. All agree, however, that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese solely means "year", was originally the name of a monster beast that started to prey on people the night before the beginning of a new year.

One legend goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would swallow a great many people with one bite. People were very scared. One day, an old man came to their rescue, offering to subdue Nian. To Nian he said, "I hear say that you are very capable, but can you swallow the other beasts of prey on earth instead of people who are by no means of your worthy opponents?" So, it did swallow many of the beasts of prey on earth that also harrassed people and their domestic animals from time to time.

After that, the old man disappeared riding the beast Nian. He turned out to be an immortal god. Now that Nian is gone and other beasts of prey are also scared into forests, people begin to enjoy their peaceful life. Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper decorations on their windows and doors at each year's end to scare away Nian in case it sneaked back again, because red is the color the beast feared the most.

From then on, the tradition of observing the conquest of Nian is carried on from generation to generation. The term "Guo Nian", which may mean "Survive the Nian" becomes today "Celebrate the (New) Year" as the word "guo" in Chinese having both the meaning of "pass-over" and "observe". The custom of putting up red paper and firing fire-crackers to scare away Nian should it have a chance to run loose is still around. However, people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, except that they feel the color and the sound add to the excitement of the celebration.
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The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.

Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.

Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.

On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job's tears, jujube berries, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko.

The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however, most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.

After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called "Seeing the New Year in".

Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible oil, rice, flour, chicken, duck, fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and kinds of nuts. What's more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives, are all on the list of purchasing.

Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.

Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content varies from house owners' wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of the god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.

The Chinese character "fu" (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the "reversed fu" is homophonic with "fu comes", both being pronounced as "fudaole." What's more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall.

People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively "ji", "yu" and "doufu," mean auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together, chatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. According to custom, each family will stay up to see the New Year in.

Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.

Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.

Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.

The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished.

China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.
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