句首分词多表示时间 (a),原因 (b), 伴随状况 (c),或条件 (d) :
一、表心理活动的现在分词常作句首状语
例1 Fearing that she might be punished by her teacher , she dare not go to school .
二、表感觉器官的现在分词常作句首状语
例1 Seeing the girl”s body , I was frightened to hold my breath .
一看到女孩的尸体,我吓得屏住了呼吸。
三、表动作的现在分词常作句首时间状语,表分词所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
例1 Waiting for a bus , I had a talk with her .
等汽车时我跟她进行了交谈。
四、过去分词放句首经常表被动,一些不表被动的过去分词常作句首状语
这样的过去分词常见的有:tired of , born in , caught in a rain , seated , hidden , dressed in , dressed like , stationed , satisfied with , interested in , surprised at , devoted to , lost / absorbed in .
五、Being + adj /n 常作原因状语
例1 Being busy , he can”t come . 因为很忙,他不能来了。
六,不定式放句首一般表目的、将来要做的事。
句首不定式多表示目的 (a), 或修饰整个句子表明说话人的态度 (b) ,表示结果的情形较少见 (c) :
a) To climb the rock face, we had to take various precautions.
b) To sum up, it is absolutely necessary.
c) Only to show his ignorance of the subject, he made a long speech.(倒装显得生硬)
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