什么是独立主格结构?

如题所述

独立主格属于一种高级英语语法现象

首先,独立主格自身并不是一句话,而是一个类似短语的成分,在一句话中扮演各种各样的角色,有表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等

举个例子你就懂了

1) 表示时间
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。the meeting being over相当于when the meeting was over
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。her work done相当于when her work was done

2) 表示条件
The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利,他或许能成功。If the condition is favorable

3) 表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行。Since there was no taxis,
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的。as the night was dark and frosty

4) 表示伴随情况  
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver
being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors,and silver is the best of all.)

5) 表示补充说明
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。

*注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。  
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第1个回答  2012-08-01
是分词的一种有逻辑主语的一种形式。在句子中做状语,如
Tim permitting ,we will visit that city.= if time permits ,we will visit that city.
I being ill , all my classmates came to see me yesterday.=Because I was ill ,all my classmates came to see me.
There being no bus, we had to walk home .= Because there was no bus, we had to walk home.
Tom walking in the street , a car stopped before him.=when Tom was walking in the street, a car stopped before him.
独立主格中的逻辑主语不是后面句子中的主语,所以要用其主格形式写出来,放在非谓语动词(doing ,done ,to do)的后面。可以改写成一个状语从句。如上面的例子。本回答被网友采纳
第2个回答  2012-08-01
没有主语,只有逻辑主语;没有谓语,只有逻辑谓语。如:
The weather permitting, we shall go swimming. 天气许可的话,我们就去游泳。
The weather permitting就是一个独立主格。the weather 是逻辑主语,permitting 是逻辑谓语。这个独立主格可以改成句子,就是:
If the weather permits
这时,就有了主语the weather 和谓语permits了。
第3个回答  2012-08-05
独立主格,首先它是一个“格”,而不是一个“句子”,在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构,而在这个结构中,没有真正的主语和谓语动词,但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系,因而成为考试尤其选择题中的一个难点。 我们称动作状态实行者为逻辑主语,称该状态为逻辑谓语,在中文翻译上与状语从句没什么区别。
  “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。 “独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。有时还可以做定语 。
  独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如:
第4个回答  2012-08-01
独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
形式
1>一般独立主格形式:与主句逻辑关系松散
  形式为: n. + -ed/-ing形式; n. + 不定式 ; n. + 介词短语; n. + 形容词; n. + 副词 ;
名词/主格代词+现在分词
  名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主动关系。   如:   The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。   Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。
名词/主格代词+过去分词
  名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是被动关系。   如:   The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。   Her glasses broken(= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。
名词/主格代词+不定式
  名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。   如:   He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。   They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店。
名词/主格代词+形容词
  如:   An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还。   So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消。
名词/主格代词+副词
  如:   He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。   The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束,他们就都回家了。
名词/主格代词+介词短语
  如:   The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。   Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。   2>with 引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密   形式为: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +adj.; with +n. + 介词短语   3>each引导的强调型独立主格:强调句尾的复数名词   形式为:句子 + 复数名词结尾 , each + 介词短语/形容词短语/名词短语/-ing形式/-ed形式   如:   Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.(题源:《GMAT语法全解》白勇著,Page38)   4>其他形式
There being +名词(代词)
  如:   There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。   There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。
It being +名词(代词)
  如:   It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。   It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。
编辑本段特点
  1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。   2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。   3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。   举例:   The test finished, we began our holiday.   = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.   考试结束了,我们开始放假。   The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.   = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.   总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。   Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.    如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。   This done, we went home.    工作完成后,我们才回家。   The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.    会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。   He came into the room,his ears red with cold.   他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。   He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.   他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆   注:独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。   如:   Don’t sleep with the windows open.别开着窗睡觉。   He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。   She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。   He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。   I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假。   He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。   All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。   I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服,我无法出门了。
特殊
  当独立主格与主句主语不同时可有:eg:We walking through the garden,the flowers are beautiful.
编辑本段注意事项
  1.独立主格转换成状语从句,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。如:After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后,学生很快离开了课室。   2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形:在下列两种情况下,独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略。   (1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如:It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天,我们去做了礼拜。   (2)在There being+名词的结构中。如:There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家。   3. 在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如: Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室,手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.   4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了,我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。)
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