马克吐温的介绍（中英文对照

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如题所述

Answer 1

马克•åæ¸©ï¼ŒåŽŸåå¡žç¼ªå°”•æœ—赫恩•å…‹åˆ—门斯；（1835å¹´11月30日－1910å¹´4月21日）是美国的幽默大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名演说家。虽然其家财不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。其交游广阔，威廉•è¿ªå®‰•è±ªå¨å°”士、布克•åŽç››é¡¿ã€å°¼å¤æ‹‰•ç‰¹æ–¯æ‹‰ã€æµ·ä¼¦•å‡¯å‹’、亨利•ç½—杰诸君，皆为其友。他曾被誉为：文学史上的林肯。海伦•å‡¯å‹’曾言：“我喜欢马克吐温——谁会不喜欢他呢？即使是上帝，亦会钟爱他，赋予其智慧，并于其心灵里绘画出一道爱与信仰的彩虹。”威廉•ç¦å…‹çº³ç§°é©¬å…‹•åæ¸©ä¸ºâ€œç¬¬ä¸€ä½çœŸæ­£çš„美国作家，我们都是继承他而来”。其于1910年去世，年七十五，安葬于纽约州艾玛拉。
写作风格：熔幽默与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
笔名“马克•åæ¸©â€æ˜¯å…¶æœ€å¸¸ä½¿ç”¨çš„笔名，一般认为这个笔名是源自其早年水手生涯，与其伙伴测量水深时，他的伙伴叫道“Mark Twain !”，意思是“两个标记”，亦即水深两浔（1浔约1.8米），这是轮船安全航行的必要条件。但亦有一说，指其在西部流浪时，经常在酒店买酒两杯，并要求酒保在帐单上记“两个标记”。然而，孰真孰假，或两者皆虚，则无从稽考。他的真名叫“萨缪尔•å…‹é‡Œæ›´æ–¯â€ã€‚
生平童年
马克•åæ¸©äºŽ1835å¹´11月30日出生在美国密苏里州佛罗里达的乡村的贫穷律师家庭。他是家中7个小孩的第6个小孩。他只有两个兄弟姊妹可以在童年过后幸存下来，他的那两个兄弟姊妹就是哥哥奥利安•å…‹åˆ—门斯（Orion Clemens）（1825å¹´7月17日 - 1897å¹´12月11日）和姊姊帕梅拉（Pamela）（1827å¹´9月19日 - 1904å¹´8月31日）。他的父亲是当地的法官，收入菲薄，家境拮据。小塞缪尔上学时就不得不打工。他十二岁那年父亲去世，从此开始了独立的劳动生活，先在印刷所学徒，当过送报人和排字工，后来又在密西西比河上当水手和舵手。儿时生活的贫穷和长期的劳动生涯，不但为他以后的文学创作累积了素材，更铸就了一颗正义的心。他的母亲玛格丽特（Margaret）在他四岁时死去，而他的哥哥本杰明（Benjamin）（1832å¹´6月8日 - 1842å¹´5月12日）在三年后亦死去了。他的另一个哥哥Pleasant（1828å¹´ - 1829年）只活到吐温出生前三个月。继这班年龄较马克•åæ¸©å¤§çš„兄弟姊妹之后，吐温又有一个弟弟－－亨利•å…‹åˆ—门斯（Henry Clemens）（1838å¹´7月13日 - 1858å¹´6月21日）。在吐温4岁时，他们一家迁往密苏里州汉尼拔（Hannibal）的一个密西西比河的港市，而这就成为了他后来的著作《汤姆•ç´¢äºšåŽ†é™©è®°ã€‹å’Œã€Šé¡½ç«¥æµæµªè®°ã€‹ä¸­åœ£å½¼å¾—堡的城市的灵感。 那时，密苏里州是联邦的奴隶州，而年轻的吐温开始了解奴隶制，这成为了往后在他的历险小说中的主题。
马克•åæ¸©æ˜¯è‰²ç›²çš„，而这激起了他在社交圈子的诙谐玩笑。1847å¹´3月，当吐温11岁时，他的父亲死于肺炎。接着的那一年，他成为一名印刷学徒。1851年，他成为一名排字工人，也有投稿，并开始给他哥哥奥利安创办的《汉尼拔杂志》（Hannibal Journal）写草稿。在他18岁时，他离开汉尼拔并在纽约市、费城、圣路易和辛辛那提市都当过印刷工人。22岁时，吐温回到密苏里州。在下密西西比河到纽奥良的旅途中，轮船的领航员“碧士比”要吐温终身成为轮船领航员，而这职业是当时全美国薪资第三高的职业，每月250美元（等于现在的155,000美元）。
由于那时的轮船是由很易燃的木材建造，因此在晚间亦不可以开灯。领航员需要对不断改变的河流有丰富的认识，因而可以避开河岸成百的港口和植林地。吐温在他得到领航员执照（1859年）之前花了2年多一丝不苟地研究了密西西比河的2000米。在得到执照前的训练期间，吐温说服他的弟弟亨利•å…‹åˆ—门斯与他在密西西比河上工作。亨利死于1858å¹´6月21日，那是由于亨利工作的那艘轮船爆炸。吐温为此感到极内疚，并在余生中一直觉得他自己需负上责任。可是他继续在河上工作并一直是领航员，直到1861年南北战争爆发而缩减了密西西比河的交通。
Mark Twain (pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835-1910), was an American writer, journalist and humorist, who won a worldwide audience for his stories of the youthful adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. Clemens was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, of a Virginian family. He was brought up in Hannibal, Missouri. After his father's death in 1847, he was apprenticed to a printer and wrote for his brother's newspaper. He later worked as a licensed Mississippi river-boat pilot. The Civil War put an end to the steamboat traffic and Clemens moved to Virginia City, where he edited the Territorial Enterprise. On February 3, 1863, 'Mark Twain' was born when Clemens signed a humorous travel account with that pseudonym. In 1864 Twain left for California, and worked in San Francisco as a reporter. He visited Hawaii as a correspondent for The Sacramento Union, publishing letters on his trip and giving lectures. He set out on a world tour, traveling in France and Italy. His experiences were recorded in 1869 in The Innocents Abroad, which gained him wide popularity, and poked fun at both American and European prejudices and manners. The success as a writer gave Twain enough financial security to marry Olivia Langdon in 1870. They moved next year to Hartford. Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, Tom Sawyer (1881) and The Prince And The Pauper (1881). Life On The Mississippi appeared in 1883 andHuckleberry Finn in 1884. In the 1890s Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the failure of his own publishing firm. To recover from the bankruptcy, he started a world lecture tour, during which one of his daughters died. Twain toured New Zealand, Australia, India, and South Africa. He wrote such books as The Tragedy Of Pudd'head Wilson (1884), Personal Recollections Of Joan Of Arc (1885), A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) and the travel book Following The Equator (1897). During his long writing career, Twain also produced a considerable number of essays. The death of his wife and his second daughter darkened the author's later years, which is seen in his posthumously published autobiography (1924). Twain died on April 21, 1910.

Answer 2

Mark Twain, American writer, orator, the real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens. 

"Mark Twain" is his pen name, which was originally used by the Mississippi sailors to indicate the depth of water measured on the fairway. Representative works are novels "million pounds", "Huckleberry Fein adventure", "Tom Sawyer Adventures" and so on.

Mark Twain at the age of 12, his father died, he had to stop, to the factory as a small worker Later he changed a lot of occupation, had done the Mississippi River navigator, miners and journalists work.

Gradually began to write some interesting pieces, began his own writing career. He died on April 21, 1910, and was buried in Emma, New York.

译文：

马克·吐温，美国作家、演说家，真名塞缪尔·兰霍恩·克莱门斯。

“马克·吐温”是他的笔名，最初被密西西比水手用来表示在航道上测量的水深。代表作有长篇小说《百万英镑》、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、《汤姆·索耶历险记》等。

马克·吐温在12岁时，父亲去世，他不得不停下来，到工厂当了一名小工人，后来他改变了很多职业，曾做过密西西比河航海家、矿工和记者的工作。

渐渐开始写一些有趣的作品，开始了自己的写作生涯。他于1910年4月21日去世，葬在纽约的艾玛。

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