过去完成时的标志词，标志短语是什么？ 谢谢

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

过去完成时常用的时间状语有：
1.
by
the
end
of
last
year.
By
the
end
of
last
term,
we
had
learned
5000
new
words.
2.
By
the
time
sb.
+动词过去式
如：The
bus
had
already
left
by
the
time
I
got
there.
主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他.
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had
否定回答：No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词+其他）？
⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词+其他
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有
：
（
1
）
by
+
过去的时间点。如：
I
had
finished
reading
the
novel
by
nine
o'clock
last
night.
（
2
）
by
the
end
of
+
过去的时间点。如：
We
had
learned
over
two
thousand
English
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.
（
3
）
before
+
过去的时间点。如：
They
had
planted
six
hundred
trees
b
efore
last
Wednesday.
由
had
加动词的过去分词构成。